POPE
PORTER
of the department of New Mexico, 1851-53, and
as chief of the survey of the Pacific railroad
route, near the 33d parallel of latitude, 1853-
59. He was promoted 1st lieutenant, March 3,
1853 ; captain, July 1, 1856, for fourteen years'
continuous service, and was on light-house duty,
1859-61. He was court-martialed for criticising
the President's policy early in 1861 ; was appointed
by President Lincoln mustering officer at Chicago,
III., serving from April to July, 1861 ; was made
brigadier-general of U.S. volunteers, May 17,
1861, and commanded the district of North
Missouri, July to October, 1861, and the 2d divi-
sion of the army in its su-jcessful campaign
against General Price in Southwest Missouri,
October to December, 1861, when he captured
large stores of provisions and many prisoners.
He commanded the district of Central Missouri,
December, 1861, to February, 1862 ; the Army of
the Mississippi in co-operation with the gunboat
fleet under Flag-officer Foote in the capture of
New Madrid, Mo., March 14, 1862. and the capture
of Island No. 10, April 8, 1862. He was promoted
major-general of volunteers, March 21, 1862, and
in the Mississippi campaign advanced upon and
besieged Corinth, April-May, 1862, after its
capture pursuing the Confederate army to Bald-
win. He was promoted brigadier-general in the
regular army, July 14, 1862 ; was given com-
mand of the Army of Virginia, to which was
added the Army of the Potomac, and with the
combined army fought the disastrous battles of
Cedar Mountain, Manassas and Chantilly, resign-
ing his command after the army fell back on
Washington. He was transferred to the com-
mand of the departinent of the Northwest, serving
1862-65 ; was commander of the military division
of the Missouri, January to June, 1865, and of the
department of the Missouri, June, 1865, to August,
1866. He was brevetted major-general, U.S.A.,
March 13, 1865, for gallantry at Island No. 10, and
was mustered out of the volunteer service, Sept.
1, 1866. He was on leave of absence, October,
1866, to April, 1867, and commanded the Third
military district, comprising Georgia, Florida
and Alabama, 1867-68 ; the departuient of the
Lakes, 1868-70, and the department of the Mis-
souri, 1870-83. He was promoted major-general,
U.S.A., Oct. 26, 1882, and commanded the
division of the Pacific and the department of
California, 1883-86, when he was retired, being
sixty-four years of age. He charged the failure
of his operations in Virginia to the omission of
Gen. Fitz-John Porter to obey his orders and
caused that officer's court-martial. He is the
autlior of : Explorations from the Red River to
the Rio Grande (Pacific Railroad reports, vol.
III.) and The Campaign of Virginia, 1862 (1865).
He died in Sandusky, Ohio, Sept. 23, 1892.
PORCHER Francis Peyre, botanist, was born
in St. John's parish, Berkeley district, S.C, Dec.
14, 1824; son of Dr. William and Isabella S.
(Peyre) Porcher ; grandson of Thomas and Char-
lotte (Mazyck) Porcher, and of Francis and Mary
(Walter) Peyre, and a descendant of Isaac and
Claud (de Cherigny) Porcher. Isaac Porcher, a
native of St. Severe, Berrie, France, and a
Huguenot refugee, settled in South Carolina in
1685. Francis Peyre Porcher was graduated at
South Carolina college in 1844, and at the Medi-
cal College of the State of South Carolina in
1847. He practised in Charleston, S.C. ; was
surgeon and physician to the Marine and City
hospitals ; surgeon in charge of the Confederate
hospitals at Norfolk and Petersburg, Va., 1862-
65 ; professor of materia medica, therapeutics
and clinical medicine in the Medical College of
the State of South Carolina, and one of the editors
of the Charleston Medical Journal and Review
for several years. He was elected president of
the South Carolina Medical society in 1872 ; was
an associate fellow of the Philadelphia College of
Physicians, and a corresponding member of the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
He was married first, April 25, 1855, to Virginia,
daughter of the Hon. Benjamin Watkins and
Julia (Wickham) Leigh of Richmond, Va ; and
secondly, March 9, 1877, to Margaret, daughter of
Col. Joshua John and Johanna (Hasell) Ward of
Waccamaw, S.C. He received the degree of
LL. D. from the South Carolina college in 1891 ; was
a member of the World's International Medical
congress at Berlin, 1895, and a complimentary
president of the section on general medicine at the
Pan-American Medical congress. He devoted
his leisure to the study of botany, and is the
author of : A Medico- Botanical Catalogue of the
Plants and Ferns of St. John's, Berkeley. S.C.
(1847) ; A Sketch of the Medical Botany of Soidh
Carolina (1849); 77ie Medicinal. PoL^onous and
Dietetic Properties of the Cryptogamic Plants of
the United States (1854): Illustrations of Disease
2vith the Microscope, and Clinical Investigations
aided by the Microscope and by Chemical Re-
agents (1861), and Resources of the Soidhern
Fields and Forests, Medical, Economical and
Agricultural, published by order of the surgeon-
general of the Confederate States (1863, rev. ed.,
1869). He died in Charleston, S.C, Nov. 19, 1895.
PORTER, Albert Gallatin, governor of In- diana, was born in Lawrenceburg, Ind., April 20, 1824 ; son of Thomas and Myra (Tousey) Por- ter, and grandson of Moses Tousey of Kentucky. His paternal grandfather removed from Pennsyl- vania to Belleview. an island in the Ohio river. He worked as a ferryman on the Ohio river; attended the preparatory department of Hanover college ; was graduated at Indiana Asbury uni-
