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Bret Harte 379 everywhere were problems national in scope. The tremendous activities of the war were now transferred to the breaking of the great West, to the building of new cities and industries, and to the extending into every part of the continent of a network of communication. Books of travel like Bowles's Across the Continent and King's The Great South began to appear, and all at once the nation awoke to a realization of its own riches, of its own picturesque diversity. The long period of the settle- ment had bred individualism; it had covered America with Uttle isolated areas as provincial as if they were the only settle- ments on the continent. The era following the war was an era of self -discovery. America was as full of new and interest- ing life and environment as even Europe, and for two decades and more American writers exploited the strange new riches of the land as the first wave of placer miners excitedly rifle the nugget pockets of a new-found bonanza. Eagerly the public read of the picturesque conditions that had evolved from the California rush of '49 ; it wondered at the new world that Mark Twain revealed in his Jumping Frog of Calaveras County, and that Cable opened in old Creole New Orleans, and at the gro- tesque Hoosier types revealed by Eggleston; it thrilled with astonishment at Charles Egbert Craddock's pictures of the dwellers in the Tennessee Mountains, and at Octave Than- et's revelations of life in the canebrakes of Arkansas; and it lingered over the Old South before the war as revealed by Johnston, and Harris, and Page. Never was movement launched with more impetus. No sooner had The Luck of Roaring Camp reached the East than the foremost publishing house of Boston hailed it as a new classic. Its author immediately was offered ten thousand dollars a year to write for The Atlantic Monthly, and the pro- gress of his train east as he came to accept his unprecedented commission was indicated by daily bulletins in the newspapers as if he were a royal personage on a tour of the land. When was short story ever so advertised before? No wonder that every- body at the earliest opportunity read it, and later, in 1870, bought the book of short stories to which it gave the title. Harte's arrival in Boston marks the climax of his career. We need not foUow him to Europe whither he afterwards went to spend the rest of his hfe, or read widely in his voluminous