Page:The Cambridge History of American Literature, v3.djvu/328

310 Later Magazines Study," has been conducted at different times by William Dean Howells and Charles Dudley Warner. Among the men in charge of "The Editor's Drawer" have been Lewis Gaylord Clark and John Kendrick Bangs. The early numbers of Harper's Monthly each contained a few woodcuts, many of them portraits. The proprietors soon began to pay greater attention to illustration, and in 1856 started an engraving department of their own. Among well- known artists who have been upon the staff are C. S. Rein- hart, E. A. Abbey, and A. B. Frost, while many others were frequent contributors of pictures. While Harper's Magazine may well claim to be the pioneer among high-class illustrated magazines in America, it was not spurred to its greatest exer- tions until the appearance of Scribner's Monthly in 1870. The rivalry between these two magazines, and later the triangular rivalry engaged in by Harper's, the Century, and Scribner's Magazine, has led to great improvements in the art of engraving and in the technique of printing illustrations. When wood engraving reached what was apparently its highest perfection, attention was turned to process engraving, and later to methods of colour reproduction ; and though there have been some freak- ish and inartistic experiments the pictures in the better Ameri- can magazines have been worthy accompaniments of the letterpress. The excellence of American illustrating attracted attention in Europe, and the three chief illustrated magazines have each maintained a London edition. That of Harper's was begun in 1880; Andrew Lang became editor in 1884. The second of the greater illustrated periodicals in point of time, Scribner's Monthly, began publication in 1870, after Harper's Magazine had been in existence for twenty years. The editor and one of the proprietors was Josiah Gilbert Hol- land, who had made a wide appeal as author of commonplace works in prose and verse, and as successful editor of The Spring- field Republican. Associated with Dr. Holland in the owner- ship of the magazine were Roswell Smith and Charles Scribner, head of the well-known firm of book publishers. After the death of Charles Scribner differences arose between the manage- ment and the publishing firm of Charles Scribner's Sons, which resulted in the withdrawal of the Scribner interests and a change of name to The Century Magazine in 188 1. Dr. Holland