Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 1.djvu/533

CAVAN. 5-23 CAVERSHAM. nageragh mountains, the southern boundary of tho basin of Lough Erne. Some of the lakes, which are numerous though small, cover many hundred acres, and all abound with fish. Tho soil for the most part is a poor brown clay. Coal, iron, copper, lead, and other minerals are found; and there are numerous mineral springs, those of Swaulinbar and Derrylister being tho most celebrated, the waters of which are alterative and diaphoretic. At Legnagrovc and Dowra the springs contain sulphur and purging salt, and are used in ner- vous diseases. The well at Owen Breun, the waters of Carrickmore, and a pool in tho mountains of Lough- linlea, between Bailieborough and Kingscourt, have also medicinal properties. Agriculture is in a very back- ward state in the county, though much improved within the last twenty years, before which period the plough was scarcely known, most of tho labour having been per- formed with the spade. Tho chief crops are oats, potatoes, and turnips, though in some districts flax and wheat are grown. The average size of farms is small, and tho buildings are mean, the fences of stone ; labour about 1. per day. Linen is the chief manufacture, though the quantity made is much less than formerly, the linen district being now confined to the country about Coote- hill, in the N. of the county. The old flax-mills and bleach-greens, formerly connected with the manufacture, are converted to other purposes. There are compara- tively few antiquities in Cavan : the chief are Clongh- oughtcr Castle ; a round tower at Drumlane, where an abbey used to be ; and Holy Trinity priory, in Lough Oughtor, near to Kihuore. In 1715 fossil elephants' teeth, weighing 2 Ib. 6 oz. each, were found in the bogs. The district between Fermanagh and Leitrim was, at the commencement of this century, inhabited by a primitive race of MacGawrens and Dolans, who intermarried and observed some peculiar customs, electing their own king and queen, to whom implicit obedience was paid, but these customs are now fast disappearing. Marquis Headford has a seat at Virginia Park, Lord Farnham at Farnham, Saunderson at Castle Saunderson, &c. In 1017 .Sir Oliver Lambert was created Baron of Cavan, which title was raised to an earldom in favour of his son Charles, by whose descendants it is still enjoyed. CAVAN, a market, post, and county town of the CO. of Cavan, in the par. of Urney, in the bar. of Upper Loughtee, prov. of Ulster, Ireland, 70 miles N.W. of Dublin by road, or 85'f by the Midland Great Western railway, which has a branch to Cavan. It may also be approached by the Irish North- Western, which likewise his a branch to Cavan. It has amost picturesque situa- tion about 3j miles E. of Lough Oughter, on a stream falling into the Annalec. It is a nominal borough, having been incorporated by James I., and returned two mem- bers to the Irish parliament before tho Union. It is now governed by the county magistrates, and the assizes and jx j ttyscssions are regularly held here. The original town, said to be of early date, was destroyed by fire in 1690, when a detachment of English troops, under the Duke of Berwick, was defeated by Captain Wolsey. ^ent town, consisting mainly of one long street, extends along the road from Dublin to Enniskillen, and contains, according to the census of 1861, 481 houses, inhabited by a population of 3,107, of whom 2,346 are Roman Catholics, 631 belong to the Established Church, 55 Methodists, and 5 of other persuasions. The houses in the main street are for the most part old and irregu- larly built; but the western suburb, comprising the public buildings, is remarkably handsome. It contains the parish church of Urney, the court-house, gaol, union poorhouse, fever hospital, several banks, barracks, and police station. In 1824 a commodious Roman Catholic chapel was erected in the town, at a cost of 1,000. Over the altar is a painting of the Descent from the Cross. There are also Presbyterian and Methodist chapels, and a public pleasure-ground, bequeathed by tho late Lady Farnham, for the recreation of the inhabitants. The royal school is of ancient foundation, and has a revenue of 042, with five exhibitions at Trinity College, Dub- lin. Mr. Sheridan, the friend of Dean Swift, fur >roe time was head-master. There are also a National and several other schools. It supports a newspaper of its own, called The Anglo-Celt. In 1300 the Abbey of Keaduewas founded by the O'ltcillys, where was buried Owen O'Niel, the Irish general, who was poisoned in Clonghoughter Castle in 1649, notable also for being tho prison of Bishop Bedell in 1641. The remains of the abbey may still be seen standing on an islet not far from Lake Killikeen. The principal residences in the neigh- bourhood are Farnham House (the scat of Lord Farn- ham), Castle Saunderson, and Kilmore. The market day is Tuesday. Fairs are held on the 1st February, Easter Monday, 14th May, 30th Juno, 14th August, 25th September, and 12th November. CAVAN, a townland, in the bar. of Raphoe, in the co. of Donegal, prov. of Ulster, Ireland, 3j miles N.W. of Lifford. In 1769 an observatory was erected hero for noting the transit of Venus. CAVE HILL, a mountain close to Belfast Lough, in the S.E. portion of the co. of Antrim, in the prov. of Ulster, Ireland. It rises to the height of 1,200 feet, and commands an extensive view over the North Sea and the western coast of Scotland. CAVENDISH, a par. in tho bund, of Babergh, in the co. of Suffolk, 6 miles N.W. of the railway station at Sudbury, which is its post town. It is situated on the river Stone. Tho living is a rect. * in the dice, of Ely, val. 733, in the patron, of Jesus College, Cambridge. The church, dedicated to St. Mary, is an ancient stone edifice in the perpendicular style of architecture, and contains a brass to the Cavendishes, and an old tomb. There is a school for boys endowed with 30, founded in 1696 by the Rev. Thomas Grey. The family of Caven- dish, whose ancestors have filled such prominent places in the history of this kingdom, take their name from this place. They were originally an offshoot of tho Ger- nons of Essex. On tho llth Juno a cattle fair is held here. CAVENHAM, a par. in the hund. of Lackford, in the co. of Suffolk, 4 miles S.E. of Mildenhall, its post town, and 6 W. of Bury. It is situated on the river Lark, which is navigable, and is crossed by Temple bridge. The Groat Eastern railway has a station at Mildenhall Road. The living is a vie. in the dioc. of Ely, val. 113, in the patron, of the lord chancellor. The church, dedi- cated to St. Andrew, is an ancient Gothic structure. Here is a school supported chiefly by H. Waddiugton, M.P., who resides at Cavenham Hall. W. F. Farmer, Esq., is lord of the manor. CAVE, NORTH, a par. and tnshp. in the wap. of Hal-thill, in the East Riding of tho co. of York, 2 miles N.W. of South Cave, and 23 S.E. of York. The living is a vie. in tho dioc. of York, val. 247, in the patron, of the Burtons. The church is dedicated to All Saints. CAVERS, a par. in the district of Hawick, in the co. of Roxburgh, Scotland. It is situated in the centre of Teviotdale, but that part lying adjacent to England has been recently made tho par. of Teviothead. The Teviot bounds it on the W., and the Rule on the E. The scenery is everywhere very beautiful. This paii is in the presb. of Jedburgh, and under the patron, of Douglas of Cavers. The stipend of the minister is 250. There are a Free church and an Independent chapel at DeiJiolm, where Dr. John Leyden, the poet, was born in 1775. At Carlenrigg Wood, Johnny Armstrong was killed, and in the vicinity is a Roman camp where potteiy and urns have been found. CAVERSFIELD, a par. partly in the hund. of Floughly, in the co. of Oxford, and" partly in the hund. and co. of Buckingham, 1 mile N. of Bicester, its post town, and 13 S.E. of Banbury. The living is a vie. in tho dioc. of Oxford, val. 09, in the patron, of the trustees of the late J. Bullock, Esq. The church, dedicated to St. Lawrence, is partly in tho Norman style, with a fine Saxon porch, and contains several monuments of the Langstons, Moyles, and Bards, and an antique circular font. Caversfield House is the seat of R. B. Marsham, Esq., who is lord of the manor. CAVE1JSIIAM, a par. in the hund, of Binfield, in the