HOLY ISLAND. 287
- HOLYWELL.
and is 212 feet above high water, yet BO awful is the violence of the sea here in S.W. gales, that it frequently dashes over the whole rock and the dwellings of the keepers. On the North Stack on the other side of the island is also a lighthouse 117 feet above high water, which was lately purchased by the Trinity Board of II. Jqpes, Esq., for 450,000, as compensation for taking the light- into their own hands. See HOLYHEAD and iLYN. HOLY ISLAND, or LINDISFARNE, a par. in the hund. of Islandshire, co. Northumberland, formerly in Durham, 12 miles from Berwick, its post town, 6 . Belford, and 3J from the Beal station on the ill-Eastern railway. Besides the principal island, the par. comprises the Farn islands and the hmlts. of Feuham and Goswick-on-the-Mainland, which are sepa- i by Fenham Flats. Holy Island is situated in the North Sea, about 1J mile from the Northumbrian coast, and is about 9 miles in circumference, and 2 from E. to W. across. It is connected with the mainland by a narrow isthmus, which can be traversed by horses and carriages at the ebb of the tide, but at other times is entirely submerged. Lately, strong posts have been gunk along the sands as a safeguard to travellers. It derives its name from an abbey, founded by Oswald, the Saxon king of Northumbria, in G35, which subsequently became the seat of a bishop's see ; but after a succession of fourteen prelates, the cathedral was destroyed by the Danes in 893, and the bishopric was removed to Chester- le-Street, and, subsequently, to Durham. After the Norman Conquest, the abbey was rebuilt and converted into a Benedictine cell to Durham Abbey, by William De Carilepho. The island was invaded and plundered in 941 by Malcolm I. of Scotland. In the great civil war it was garrisoned for the parliament, and in 1715 I was seized for the Pretender, but was speedily recap- tured by a detachment of the king's troops at Berwick. The old castle, situated at the S.E. part of the island, adjoining Heugh Hill, stands on a cliff, 108 feet in I height ; it is now occupied by the coastguard men. I There are several springs, producing water of excellent I quality ; also a lake, covering an area of 6 acres. The I rocks on its northem shore are limestone, and are I worn by the sea into singular caverns. In this part of |the island are a small seam of coal, and a stratum of e, the latter containing a considerable quantity of i ore, with which are found the entrochi, or fossils, darly termed St. Cuthbert's beads. At the south- ern corner of the island is situated the village, dis- uishcd for the ruins of the monastery. It is a B of considerable resort for sea-bathing, and as a r harbour, being a subport to Berwick. In the mar- r-placc are a sun-dial and stone cross, 12 feet in ght, rebuilt by H. (J. Selby, Esq., in 1828. A great ion of the inhabitants are fishermen and pilots, i principal fish caught are cod, ling, haddock, and , which last are very abundant in the nei'gh- ng seas. The living is a perpet. cur.* in the of Durham, val. 183, in the patron, of the and chapter. The church, dedicated to St. , is an ancient stone structure, with a tower con-
- one bell. The church has the old original roof,
ie nave, which is supported by three arches on side, the S. side having octagonal pillars with ' id arches, while those on the N. are round, with i uhes. The pulpit is of carved oak, bearing IGKi. The communion table, supposed to have to the original church, is very handsome, and t in a good state of preservation. The font is of stone, iid very large; ami tli'Tn are several ancient piscinas i various parts of the church. The 8. aisle contains ' window; and in the N. aisle is a marble -Mr Caruaby Haggerston, Bart. There are also irblo tablets. JSear to the church are tho ruins , a stately pile, with Saxon arches i traces of the priory, with the r " Peltingstono," which all brides i iiio the length of. These ruins have tvutly i ..1 at a considerable expense. John Strangeways Donaldson Sclby is lord of the manor, and chief landowner. HOLY ISLAND, a small island lying in the channel which joins the upper and middle lakes of Killarney, co. Kerry, prov. of Muuster, Ireland. HOLY ISLE, an island lying in the entrance to Lamlash Bay, on the S.E. side of the Islo of Arrau, coast of Scotland. It is about 1 mile long. The inte- rior is very picturesque, and rises in the centre to an altitude of 1,008 feet. It is said to have had a church, built by a Culdee hermit, whoso cave and holy well are pointed out on the W. side of the island. HOLY OAKES, a lib. in the par. of Stoke Dry, hund. of Gartree, co. Leicester, 3 miles N.W. of Rockinghain. It is situated near the river Wye. HOLY HOOD, a par. in the town of Southampton, CO. Hants. See SOUTHAMPTON. HOLYROOD ABBEY. See EDINBURGH. HOLY-SEPULCHRE, a par. in the borough of Cam- bridge, which see. HOLY8TONE,orHALLYSTONE,aparochialchplry. in the par. of Ahvinton, W. div. of Coquetdale ward, co. Northumberland, 3 miles S.E. of Ahvinton, and 7 W. of Rothbury. The village, which is small, is situated on the S. side of the river Coquet. The chplry. consists of five tnshps., viz. Holystone, Harbottle, Barrow, Dueshill, and Linsheels, and is surrounded on the N. and E. by Alwinton, and on the S. and W. by Elsdon par. There is a large proportion of moorland, and the culti- vated land is a light gravelly soil. The living is a perpet. cur. in the dioc. of Durham, united with Alwin- ton, and in the gift of the Duko of Northumberland. The church, dedicated to St. Mary, is a stone structure, and was thoroughly repaired and the chancel rebuilt in 1849. Two memorial windows to the Dawson family were inserted in 1857. The parochial charities produce 1 10s. per annum. There are parochial and Sunday schools. In this townsliip, near the Mill House, aro the remains of a Benedictine nunnery, founded about 1254 ; and near it is Our Lady's well, shaded by trees, whore 1'aulinus is said to have baptized his early converts. The principal residence is Cauipville, about halt a mile W. of Holy- stone, occupying the site of a lloman encampment. HOLYTOWN, a post vil. and quoad sacra par. in the par. of Bothwell, co. Lanark, Scotland, 4 miles S.W. of Ardrie. It is a station on the Edinburgh and Glasgow railway, and is situated on the coach road from Glasgow to Edinburgh. Here are a chapel-of-easo and Free church. This place derives its importance irom its central position in the great Lanark mineral district. HOLY TRINITY, the name of several parishes. See CAMBRIDGE, COLCHESTEH, DOUCHESTER, EXETEU, GUILD- FOBD, HASTINGS, HULL, SiiArrESbuitY, &c. HOLY-TRINITY-GOODRAMGATE, a par. in the city of York, which see. HOLY TRINITY KING'S COURT, a par. in the city of York, which see. HOLY TRINITY MICKLEGATE, a par. in tho city and ainsty of York, co. York. See YOIIK. HOLY TRINITY MINORIES, a par. in the city of London, co. Middlesex. HOLY-TRIN1TY-THE-LESS, a par. in the city of London, co. Middlesex. HOLYWELL, a ward in tho par. of St. Clement Danes, in tho city and lib. of Westminster, co. Middlesex. HOLYWELL, or TREFYNNON, a par., market town, municipal and parliamentary borough, in the hund. ofColeshill, co. Flint, 10 miles S. of St. Asaph, and 67 J from Holy head by tho Chester and Holyhead section of tho London and North- Western railway, which has a station about 1J mile from the town. The par. con- tains the tnshps. and limits, of Bagillt-fawr, Bagillt- fcchan, Brynford, Calcot, Coieshill-fawr, Coleshill- fechan, Greenfield, where is tho railway station, and Welstone. The town is situated on a hill by the southern shore of the estuary of tho Deo. It was until the middle of the hist century an inconsiderable town, chiefly dependent on visitors to the well of St. Wenefredo, from which it derives both its English and Welsh names;
