Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 2.djvu/380

JUST, ST. KATTERLINE. Remains of ancient earthworks are met with in several places, and an encampment at Small Island Bay. The prevailing rock ig white and red quartz. Iron ore and manganese are obtained, also a very fine slate. Sand for making glass is found on the island. JUST, or JUEST, ST., a par. in the hund. of Penwith, co. Cornwall, 7 miles W. of Penzance. This parish, which is of large extent, comprising above 7,000 acres, is situated near the Land's End, and is bounded on the AV. and N. by the Bristol Channel. Its surface is ex- tremely barren, consisting chiefly of granite and slate, but there is no place of equal extent in England, or probably in Europe, that has produced so many varieties of metallic and earthy minerals, or that displays so many interesting geological features. Tin and copper are extensively worked, and bismuth, asbestos, garnet, talc, hornblende, and opal, with many other minerals, are found. The principal mines are Botallack, Levant, Parknoweth, Huel Cock, Wheat, and others, some ten of which are or have been worked under the bed of the sea, which, in stormy weather, is heard by the miners breaking above like the sound of distant thunder. Several of these mines, chiefly of tin, appear to have been worked at a very remote period, which has led to the inference that this district was the true Cassiterides of the ancients from which the Phoenicians obtained their supplies of tin, and not the Scilly Isles, which do not appear to have ever produced that metal in any great quantity. In several parts of the parish arc rock basins, and at Botallack and Tregaseal are some circles of stone called the Rock Circles. The Romans also appear to have had establishments in the vicinity, for at Leswyddentwo Roman patera, besides urns, &c., were found, and in the grounds of the parsonage a bronze figure of a bull two inches high, with various Roman coins, were discovered in 1832. In the time of Dr. Borlase, the county his- torian, who was born at Pendeen in this parish, the amphitheatre adjoining the town of Churchtown was nearly perfect, with its six tiers of stone benches, but they arc now scarcely visible. Tradition relates that upon the conquest of Cornwall in the seventh century, Ethelbert, with six other Saxon kings, dined here at a stone called the Mayne, or at Mean in Scnnen. There are ruins of ancient chapels at Park-an-Capel, near Capo Cornwall, and on the summit of Cam Brea Hill. The inhabitants, who are chiefly miners, are scattered in numerous villages, one of the principal being Pendeen, or Churchtown, where a market is held on Saturdays. The living is a vie.* in the dioc. of Exeter, val. 484, in the patron, of the lord chancellor. The church is an ancient structure. There are places of worship for Bryanitcs, Wesleyans, and Free Wcsleyans, all of whom have their separate schools. There is a National school at Churchtown, established in 1828 ; also almshouses. JUST, ST., IN ROSELAND. or ST. JEAST, a par. in the W. div. of the hund. of Powder, co. Cornwall, comprising the disfranchised borough of St. Mawcs ; it has also constant communication with Truro and Falmouth. The parish is bounded on the W. and S. by the river Fal, forming the eastern shore of Falmouth harbour, and on the S.E. by St. Mawes creek. Part oi the lands formerly belonged to St. Anthony's Priory. Here stands St. Mawes Castle, built by Henry VIII. for the protection of the coast, and still kept in repair ; and a little below it on the eame cliff a modem battery of eight guns. The tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of 520. The living is a reet.* in the dioc. of Exeter, val. i25. The church of St. Just stands on the coast, backed by a mass of dark rock, and mantled with ivy. There is also a chapel-of-ease at St. Mawea, built by the Duke of Buckingham in 1812. There are places of worship for Calvinistic and Wesleyan Metho- dists and Bryanites. There is a small free school and a National school. On Bartini Hill are traces of a circular fortification, and at Rosecassa the ruins of an ancient chapel. K. KABER, a tnshp. in the par. of Kirkby Stephen, Eas ward, Westmoreland, 2 miles irom Brough, and 2- ; N.E. of Kirkby Stephen. It formerly belonged to UN Kaberghs, from whom it takes its name. It then passed into the hands of the Fulthorps, and from them to the Wandesworth and Wadeson families. It is chiefly noted in history for the conspiracy denominated the " Kaber Rigg Plot," that took place upon the restoration of Charles II. There is a Primitive Methodist chapel and an endowed free school in the township. KAILZIE, an ancient par. in co. Peebles, Scotland, now joined to Traquair and Inncrleithen. KALE, or CAYLE, a trout stream rising in (he Che- viots, under Fairwood Fell, in co. Roxburgh, Scotland, and falling into the river Teviot at Eckford. KAMES BAY and CASTLE, in co. Bute, Scotland, 3 miles N.W. of Rothsay. KANE, or INISKIN, a par. in the bar. of Upper Dundalk, co. Louth, prov. of Leinster, Ireland, 3 miles N.N.W. of Dundalk, which is its post town. The surface is nearly all under cultivation, and is crossed by the road from Dundalk to Newtown-Hamilton. The living is united to the benefice erf Baronstown, in, the dioc. of Armagh,'the val. of which is 348, in the patron, of the Primate and the Dean and Chapter of Christ Church. The Roman Catholic chapel at Killen belongs to the Dundalk Roman Catholic union. There is a private school. Falmore Hall is in this parish. Lime- stone is quarried and burned. Druidical remains are seen at Killen Hill. KANTURK, a quoad sacra par. and market and post town, in the par. of Clonfert, bar. of Duhallow, co. Cork, prov. of Munstcr, Ireland. The surface includes part of the vales of Allua and Dallua. The soil is fertile. The living is a perpct. cur. in the dioe. of Cloyne, 112, in the patron, of the Incumbent of Clonfert. church was erected in 1792. The Roman Catholic chapel is united to that of Kilcorkeran. There are two classical and several day schools in the parish. The town is situated at the confluence of the rivers Dallua and Allua, on the road from Mallow to Newmarket, 1C miles S.W. of Dorieraile, and 103 S.W. of Dublin. It is a station on the Killarncy branch of the Dublin and Cork rail- way. It consists of several irregularly-built streets. Many of the houses are well built. A new street has been formed. Two very extensive corn-mills stand on the river Dallua, which is crossed by a bridge of five arches ; and Allua is spanned by a bridge of six arches. There are a branch bank, sessions house, and bridewell. The parish church lias a tower. There is also a Roman Catholic chiipcl. A chief police station is seated here. Petty sessions are held once a week, and general sessions in June and September. Serge- weaving, wool-combing, and brewing are carried r>n. Kanturk Castle was formerly a scat of Mac Donagli Carthy, one of the McCarthys, kings of Munster, i<> whom the district belonged. The completion of this mansion was prevented by royal command, and it was forfeited with the estates in the rebellion of 1641. Here is a dispensary in the Kanturk Poor-law Union, which lies within the counties of Cork and Keiry. It has 14 electoral divisions, and 29 guardians. The workhouse was designed to give shelter to 800 in-door paupers. Barry Yclverton, afterwards Lord Avonmore, was a native of this town. Saturday is market day. Fairs are held in March, May, July, September, ' her, and December, for cattle. KATRINE, LOCH, a lake of the Highlands, in the par. of Buchanan, co. Stirling, lying along the border of the pars, of Aberfoil and Callandcr, co. Perth, Scot- land. It is .10 miles long by 1 mile broad. The beauti- ful scenery of this district has been described to the world by Sir Walter Scott in " The Lady of the Lake." KATTERLINE, an ancient par. in co. Kincardine, Scotland, now joined to Kinncff.