Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 2.djvu/491

KINROSSIE. 483 KINSHAM formerly consisted of narrow lanes, have been greatly improved, and the town now contains many handsome houses, erected particularly in the line of the great N. road, which forms the main street. It contains the county sessions-house, townhall, two large inns, two branch banks in connection with the British Linen Company and the Edinburgh and Glasgow banks, and several insurance agencies, also subscription libraries and benevolent societies. The government of the town is vested in the hands of a committee of the inhabitants, who are elected annually. The inhabitants are chiefly employed in the manufacture of woollen goods and in cotton weaving. At one period the produce of the town was cutlery and brown linen, but these branches of industry have now become almost extinct. The courts of the sheriffs sit here every Tuesday during session, and justices of peace courts are held monthly. Market day is Wednesday, principally for corn. Fairs are held on the third Wednesday in March, the 1st June, the third Wednesday of July, and on the 18th October (old style). KINROSSIE, a vil. in the par. of CoUaco, co. Perth, Scotland, 7 miles N.E. of Perth. KINSALE, a bar. in co. Cork, prov. of Mimster, Ireland. It lies exposed to the Atlantic on the S., and is otherwise bounded by Kinnalea, Courceys, and East Carbery. It contains the pars, of Clontead, Kinsalo, Tisaxon, and parts of Ballymartle, Dunderrow, Kilroan, Eingcurran, and Ringrone, with the town of Kinsale. KINSALE, a par., maritime town, and parliamentary borough, in the bar. of Kinsale, co. Cork, prov. of Munster, Ireland, 14 miles S of Cork and 174 S.W. of Dublin. It has a station at Kinsale Road on the Cork and Bandon line. It comprises an area of 290 acres, and a population by the census of 1861 of 4,624 within the limits of the parliamentary borough. Its name is supposed to be derived from the Irish Cean Ta.de, signi- fying "the headland in the sea." Little of its history is known before the 12th century, when it came into the possession of the famous Do Courcy by a marriage into the De Cogans, to whom the land was first granted. Here he built the castle of which the ruins now remain. The charter of incorporation was granted in the 7th year of the reign of Edward III., and it was from a very early period a borough by prescription. In 1380 the French and Spanish fleets were pursued by the English into the river Bandon, when an engagement ensued resulting in the defeat of the former. In the following year Richard II. granted a charter to the inhabitants In consideration of the insults they had received from the Spanish and Irish enemies and English rebels, by which they obtained the small customs of the port at an annual rent of 10 marks, the surplus to bo expended in completing the walls of the town, In 1482 this charter t was confirmed by Edward IV., who granted the cor- poration all such rights and privileges as the citizens of Cork possessed. In 1488, owing to their having favoured the pretensions of Lambert Simnel, Sir Richard Edgcumbe arrived here with five ships and I 600 men to exact new oaths of allegiance from the Irish -, which being given, pardon was granted. In the town was nearly consumed by a fire. In 1601 -i attacked by a Spanish fleet, and the town taken I possession of by Don Juan D'Aquila. The English I now advanced and commenced that siege so well known I in the annals of Irish history. The castle of Riuoirran, I on the banks of the river, being taken by the enemy I after a short but severe cannonade., was forced to yield I to Lord Mountjoy. In like manner the fortress Castle- I ni-Park was compelled to surrender ; and after under- I going great danger and misery the Spanish commander I tntercd into .1 capitulation and gave up the town, at the I very moment when a large reinforcement from the I Spanish king was on its way to relievo him. This i utterly annihilated the Spanish power in Ireland. I During the parliamentary war in 1641 the Irish were I expelled from the town. In 1677 the Duke of Onnond 1 , for the defence of the town, a new citadel, called I Charles Fort. It was here that James II. landed in 1689. Kinsale played an important part in the war against the English in support of James II. The town is conveniently situated at the mouth of the river Bandon, which is here crossed by a ferry, and has a secure and commodious harbour. Its streets are steep and irregular, being built on the summit of Compass hill ; some of them indeed so precipitous as not to admit carriages. The houses are well built. It is a place of great resort during the season for bathing, and numerous villas adorn its outskirts. The banks of the river are en- livened by many gentlemen's scats and plantations. The public buildings are Charles Fort, situated to the E. of the town, and now used as barracks, the townhall, assembly rooms, a convent, Carmelite friary, prison, workhouse, and commodious hotel with floating baths, just completed by the Kinsale Hotel and Bath Com- pany. There is a brewery in the town and flour-mills adjacent. The trade ia chiefly local or connected with the fisheries, foreign commerce being absorbed by the neighbouring port of Cork. The corporation,- which was styled " the sovereign, burgesses, and commonalty of the town of Kinsale," was dissolved under the Municipal Act, and its income and revenues vested in the town commissioners under 9 George IV., cap. 82. Petty sessions are held in the town. Value of property rated under the Towns Improvement Act, 7,573. It returns one member to parliament, and had a constitu- ency in 1859 of 144. The living is a vie. Its church, dedicated to St. Multosia, is a venerable cruciform building. It contains two marble monuments, one of the Southwell family and the other to the wife of Sir John Perceval, Bart. In the Roman Catholic division this parish forms the head of a union. Its chapel possesses a beautiful altar-piece. There are places of worship for Wesleyans and Primitive Alethodists. There are also six public schools. Also a fever hospital and dispensary. The parochial charities include tho Gift House, where eight widows of decayed Protestant tradesmen receive a weekly allowance of 2s. ; an ancient parochial almshouse, comprising sixteen rooms, and several small bequests for the superannuated poor who do not receive a portion of the weekly contribu- tions of the church. There were formerly an abbey of Canons Regular, founded in the 6th century, and an abbey of Carmelite Friars, of which no remains are extant. There are ruins of the fortress of Castle- ni-Park. Near here are some celebrated chalybeate springs. This town gives the title of Baron Kinsale to the ancient family of De Courcy. Market days are Friday and Saturday. A fair is held on tho 4th September. KINSALBEG, a par. in the bar. of Decies-within- Drum, co. Waterford, prov. of Munster, Ireland, 3 miles N.E. of Youghal, its post town. It is situated on the Black water, near Youghal harbour and ferry. The living is a vie. in the dioc. of Lismore, val. 217, in tho patron, of the bishop. The church was erected in 1821 by aid of a gift from the late Board of First Fruits. Tho Roman Catholic chapel is united to that of Clash- more. There is a day school. Loughtane is the chief seat. KTNSALEY, a par. in tho bar. of Coolook, co. Dublin, prov. of Leinster, Ireland, 2 miles S.S.W. of Malahide. It is 2J miles long by 1 mile broad. The soil is mostly good. Tho road from Malahide to Dublin passes through tho parish. The living is a Tic. in the dioc. of Dublin, val. with Swords, 329, in the patron, of the archbishop. There is a Roman Catholic chapel and a day-school. Abbeville and Kinsaley Houso are the principal residences in tho neighbourhood. There is an ancient camp at Feltrim Hill which com- mands a view, also ruins of a church. KINSHAM, a hmlt. in tho par. of Bredon, co. Worcester, 3 miles N.E. of Tewkesbury. KINSHAM, LOWER, a tnshp. in the par. of Presteigne, co. Hereford, 2 miles E. of Presteigne. It ia a small agricultural place. KINSHAM, UPPER, a par. in the hund. of Wig- more, co. Hereford, 3 miles N.E. of Prostcigno, its post