Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 2.djvu/538

LANCASTER, DUCHY OF. 530 LANDEWEDNACK. caster Guardian. Markets are held every "Wednesday and Saturday, the latter heing the most important. Fairs for horses, cattle, cheese, &e., are held on the 1st May, 6th July, and 10th Octoher, the latter of which is the chief cheese fair in the county. LANCASTER, DUCHY OF, a lib. in co. Gloucester, contains the pars, of Bulley, Huntley, Longhope, Min- eterworth, Tibberton, and part of Westbury-on-Severn, comprising about 8,660 acres. LANCASTER, DUCHY OF, a lib. to the W. of the city of London, co. Middlesex, comprising that portion of the metropolis known as St. Clement Danes, St. Mary-le-Strand, and the Savoy, which occupies the site of the palace of the earls and dukes of Lancaster. LANCHESTER, a par. in the "VV. div. of Chester ward, co. Durham, 7 miles N.W. of Durham, its post town, 9 S.W. of Wolsingham, and the same distant W. of Chester-le-Street. It is a station on the Lanchester Valley section of the North-Eastern railway. The village is situated on the river "Wear, and on the high road from Wolsingham to Newcastle-upon-Tyne. It is an extensive par., comprising the ehplries. of Collierley, Ebchester, Esh, Medomsley, Satley, and Benfieldside, and 14 tnshps. It is a polling-place for the N. div. of the co. Lanchester was formerly of greater im- portance than at present. Here are the remains of a Roman station, the wall of which, in some places, is still 12 feet high ; there is also a subterranean chamber, th e descent to which is by stone steps. Coins of Anto- nine, inscriptions, altars, and other relics, especially a plate of solid gold with an inscription to the god Mars, have been found among the ruins. The Roman way "Watling Street is on the eastern extremity of these ruins. Petty sessions are held fortnightly at the police station, and the board of guardians meet every other Friday at the union poorhouse. There are some exten- sive collieries and quarries in the neighbourhood. The soil is light but very fertile. The subsoil of the adjacent hills is rock. The tithes were commuted for land under an Enclosure Act in 1773. The living is a perpet. cur.* in the dioc. of Durham, val. 300, in the patron, of the Bishop of Ripon. The church, which was made colle- giate in 1283 by Bishop Beck, is dedicated to All Saints ; it is a stone structure with a square embattled tower containing a clock and six bells. Over the entrance of the vestry room are some Scripture figures representing the Virgin surrounded by angels. The E. window is in three compartments. There are mural tablets to the families of Hutchinson, Greenwell, Thompson, Claver- ing, and an effigy of Dean Austell bearing date 1461. In addition to the parish church there are six district churches at Collierlev, Ebchestor, Esh, Medomsley, Benfieldside, and Satley, the livings of all which are perpet._ curs, varying in val. from 300 to 150. The parochial charities produce about 308 per annum, of which 240 go to Russell's almshouses and school and 14 to another school. The parochial school for both sexes was erected in 1824 by voluntary contributions. There is a chapel-of-ease at Burnope, in which a Sunday- school is held. The Wesleyans and Primitive Methodists have each a chapel. Greencroft Hall, Ford Hall, Coal- pike Hall, and Woodlands Hall are the chief residences. The Ecclesiastical Commissioners are lords of the manor. LANCING, a par. in the bund, of Brightford, rape of Bramber, co. Sussex, 2 miles W. of Shoreham, its post town, and 2 N.E. of "Worthing. It is a station on the South Coast railway. The parish, which is small, is bounded on the E. by the river Adur and Shoreham Harbour, and on the S. by the English Channel. Above half the land is arable, the remainder nearly evenly divided between pasture and seabeach. The soil is chiefly a rich loam alternating with sand, except in that part of the parish occupied by the downs, which are chalk. The surface is well wooded, and from the high grounds are extensive views, embracing the sea- coast from Beachy Head to Selsey Bill, with the Isle of Wight and a broad expanse of tho Channel in the distance. On the road to New Shoreham is a suspension bridge over the river Adur. In that portion of the parish called South Lancing a terrace of houses has been erected facing the sea, with a lawn sloping down to the beach. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent charge of 767 14s. and the vicarial for 176. There is also a rent-charge of 61 8s. 6d., payable to the Rector of West Grinstead. The living is a vie.* in the dioc. of Chichester, val. 151, in the patron, of the Bishop of London. The church has a tower containing three bells, and has recently been restored and re-seated. There is a National school. A public school, termed St. Nicholas College, was founded in 1848 by the Rer. N. Woodard. Lancing House, the seat of Sir J . M. Lloyd, I Bart., is surrounded by a demesne tastefully laid out. On Lancing Down, in this parish, have recently been discovered tesselated pavements, several small altars, I lavatories, and numerous Roman coins. LANDBEACH, a par. in the hund. of Northstow, co. Cambridge, 6 miles N.E. of Cambridge, its post town, and 1J mile from the Watcrbeach railway station. It is a small agricultural parish situated on the line of^HI Ely railway. The main road from Cambridge to^HI passes through a portion of the parish. The t^HI were commuted for land under an Enclosure Act in 1807. The living is a rect.* in the dioo. of Ely, val. 633, in the patron, of Corpus Christi College, Cam- bridge. The church, dedicated to All Saints, is built of rubble and stone. It has a square embattled tower, surmounted by a spire. The parochial charities produce I about 6 per annum, with some almshouses. There is a I National school, and place of worship for Baptists. LANDCROSS, a par. in the hund. of Shebbear, co. Devon, 2 miles S.E. of Bideford, its nearest railway! station and post town, and 4 N.E. of Great Torrington. I It is a small village situated on a peninsula formed by I the river Torridge and the high road from Bideford to I Torrington. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in I agriculture. Stone is quarried for building purposes.! The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of 63. .The living is a rect.* in the dioc. of Exeter, val. 81. The church, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, is an ancient stone structure, with a spired tower containing one bell. General Monk, afterwards Duke of Albcmnrlc, was baptised in this church. There is a place of worship for the Wesleyans. The trustees of the late Lord Rolle are lords of the manor and principal landowners. LANDEWEDNACK, a par. in the hund. of Kerrier, co. Cornwall, 10 J miles S.E. of Helston, its post town. It is situated on the Channel, and within its limits is the Lizard Point, the most southerly point of land in Great Britain, from which ships leaving the Channel i date their departure, and near which are two light- houses. This parish formerly belonged to the Earl of Mortaigne and the Hawkinses. A short distance from the Lizard, and partly in this parish, is the famedt Kynance Cove, . enclosed by high masses of rock gigantic elevation, and pierced with caverns. These j rocks are outwardly of a dark green colour, but inter- 1 nally most beautifully variegated, having veins fromi light green to purple, white, red and scarlet. The rock- called the " Devil's bellows " has obtained this appel- lation from the roar caused by the rushing of tJ sea into its deep chasms as tho tide rises. Th two stone quarries, from which serpentine of beauty and susceptible of high polish is obtained. This stone is chiefly used for slabs, mantelpieces, vases, and other articles. There arc also brick and tile kilns. During the summer season this place is much frequented by tourists. At Landewcdnack Cove the pilchard fishery is carried on. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of 253 1 Is. The living is a rect.* in. the dioc. of Exeter, val. 253. The church, dedicated to St. Lanty, is a stone structure, with' a square em- battled tower crowned with pinnacles and containing three bolls, each dedicated to a saint. The interior of the church contains an ancient granite font, old register chest, and several monuments. There is a National school for both sexes. The Wesleyans and Association Methodists have each a place of worship. Thomas Henry Hawkins, Esq., is lord of the manor.