RAVEL. 293 RAVENINGHAM. the Northampton railway. Shoes are manufactured here to a considerable extent. The surface ia undulating; three-fourths of the land are arable, and the remainder pasture. The soil consists of clay and gravel, with sand and rich alluvial mould near the river. Freestone abounds, and there is a petrifying spring. The tithes were commuted for land and a money-payment under an Enclosure Act in 1797. The glebe comprises about 200 acres, and the vicar receives a rent-charge of 9 1 3s. out of the tithes of Ringstead. The living is a vie. * in the dioc. of Peterborough, val. 250. The church, dedicated to St. Peter, is an ancient structure with a lofty spired tower. Attached to the church is a chantry chapel. In the churchyard is the stump of an old cross. The parochial charities produce about 62 per annum, of which 18 goes towards the support of the National school. The Wesleyans and the Baptists have each a place of worship. The Queen and Sir J. Langham, Bart., of Cottesbrooke, are proprietors of the manor. RAVEL, a stream of the co. of Antrim, Ireland, rises near Gary, and joins the river Main a little below Clough- mille. RAVELEY, GREAT, a par. in the hund. of Hursting- stone, co. Hunts, 3J miles S.W. of Ramsey. It is situated in the eastern part of the county. The village, which is small, is wholly agricultural. The living is a perpet. cur. annexed to that of Upwood, in the dioc. of Ely. The church has long been in ruins. The Wesleyans have a small chapel. Sir Henry Peyton, Bart., is lord of the manor. RAVELEY, LITTLE, a par. in the hund. of Hurs- tingstone, co. Hunts, half a mile S. of Great Raveley, and 4 S.W. of Ramsey. The parish is of small extent, and the village consists of only a few scattered houses. The living is a perpet. cur. in the dioc. of Ely, val. 50. The church, dedicated to St. James, was erected in the middle of the 14th century, and was formerly a chapel- of-ease to Bury. It is an ancient structure capable of containing eighty persons, and has recently been repaired and much improved. The Earl of Sandwich is lord of the manor. A Roman urn of blue earth and several skeletons were found while working a gravel pit. RAVELRIG, a hill near Currie, co. Edinburgh, Scot- land. It attains an elevation of 800 feet above sea-level, and has on its summit remains of a Roman station called Castlehank. RA VEND ALE, EAST, a par. in the wap. of Bradley- Haverstoe, parts of Lindsey, co. Lincoln, 8 miles S.W. of | Great Grimsby, its post town, and 6 W. of North Thoresby railway station. The parish, which is of small extent, is intersected by two roads from Great Grimsby, one in the direction of Lincoln, and the other traversing the low country to the Wolds. The surface is undulating, and the soil clay and sand upon a sub- stratum of chalk. The village is small and wholly agricultural. The glebe comprises about 4 acres. The living is a vie.* in the dioc. of Lincoln, val. 66, in the patron, of Trinity College, Cambridge. The church,
- ited to St. Martin, has recently been rebuilt on
the site of the old one. The register commences in 1723. There is a charity school for both sexes. Henry Thorold, Esq., is lord of the manor. In the chalk pits various fossils are found. RAVEN DALE, WEST, a chplry. in the par. of East Ravendale, hund. of Bradley-Haverstoe, rarts of Lindsey, co. Lincoln, 8 miles S.W. of Great Grimsby, its post town, and 8J S.E. of Caistor. There is no village, but only a few dwellings, two of which are farmhouses. The old seat of the De Ravendales, built out of the materials of the priory, has long been in ruins. The living in a perpet. cur. annexed to the rect. * of Hatcliffe, in the dioc. of Lincoln. The church has long been in ruins. Here was formerly a priory founded by Alan, son of the Earl of Brittany, in 1202, as a cell to the y of Beaufort, in Brittany. The site was granted to the collegiate church of Southwell in 1438. RA.VENF1ELD, a par. in the S. div. of Strafforth wap., West Riding co. York, 4 miles N.E. of Rotherham, its post town, and 9 from Doncaster and SAickhill. The village is small, and wholly agricultural. It took its name from the erection of the Danish standard here during the northern incursions of that people in the 9th century. The living is a perpet. cur. in the dioc. of York, val. 150. The church, dedicated to St. James, has a square tower containing six bells. The church was erected in 1766 on the site of the former one. The parochial charities produce about 32 per annum. There is a school for both sexes, partly maintained by T. B. Bosvile, Esq., who is lord of the manor. The principal residence is Ravensfield Park, formerly the seat of the Wesleys and Bosviles. RAVENGLASS, a small seaport and market town in the par. of Muncaster, ward of AUerdale-above-Derwent, co. Cumberland, 56 miles S.W. of Carlisle. It is a station on the Whitehaven and Furness junction rail- way. It is situated on the shore of the Irish Channel, near the estuary of the rivers Eske, Mite, and Irt, which here falling into the sea form a safe and commodious harbour. The town consists mainly of one large range of houses, facing the sea, and is sheltered from the N.E. winds by the Black Combe mountains. In. the vicinity are limekilns, and there are shipbuilding yards where boats and small vessels are constructed. The trade is inconsiderable, consisting chiefly of the importation of coal from Whitehaven, and the export of oysters, corn, and timber. The oyster trade employs a considerable number of vessels. There is an endowed National school. The principal residence is Muncaster Castle, about a mile from the town, the seat of Lord Muncasler, a lineal descendant of the Penningtons, who have held the manor since the Norman conquest. On the opposite bank of the river Eske is the " old city of Barnscar," the origin of which is traditionally ascribed to the Danes, but of its history no records exist. The city was defended by a wall, and was intersected by one long street and several transverse ones. On a rugged emi- nence, called Hard Knot, in which the river Eske has its source, are the ruins of an ancient church and castle, also the remains of a round tower on one of the adja- cent mounds. Many relics of antiquity, consisting of flint battle-axes and arrow-heads, and Roman and Saxon, coins, have been found here. Market day is on Wed- nesday. Fairs are held on 8th June and 6th August for horses, cattle, and yarn. RAVEN HEAD, a hmlt. in the chplry. of St. Helen's, and par. of Prescot, co. Lancaster, 1 mile S.W. of St. Helen's, and 2 miles N.E. of Prescot. It is situated on the Sankey canal, and is celebrated for its extensive glass works, established in 1773, covering above 20 acres. RAVENH1LL, several places of this name in the vicinity of Whitby, North Riding co. York, so named from having been the site of the Danish standard or Reafen during the invasions of Inguar and Ubba in the 9th century. RAVENINGHAM, a par. in the hund. of Clavering, co. Norfolk, 3J miles S.E. of Loddon, its post town, and 4 N.W. of Beccles. The village, which is small and straggling, is situated on the road from Norwich to Beccles and Yarmouth. It is entirely agricultural. Here was formerly a college for a master and eight secular priests, founded by Sir John de Norwich in 1348, but was shortly after removed to Norton-Sub- course, and in 1393 to Castle-Mettingham in Suffolk. At its dissolution the manor came to the Derrys, and afterwards to the Bacon family, whose ancestors were Friar Roger Bacon and Sir Nicholas Bacon, lord keeper in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of 618 8. The living is a perpet. cur. in the dioc. of Norwich, val. 70. The church, dedicated to St. Andrew, has a cir- cular tower, the upper part of which is octagonal. It was restored and redecorated at the expense of Sir E. Bacon, to whose family there are many monuments in the chancel. The register dates from 1658. There is a National school. Raveningham Hall, the seat of the Bacon family, is situated in a well-wooded park. .Sir H. H. Bacon, Bart., is lord of the manor and principal landowner.
