Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 3.djvu/395

SALFOED. 383 SALISBURY. betwixt arable, meadow, pasture, and coppice. In the vicinity are the remains of two old crosses. The surface is hilly, and the soil of various qualities. Tho sub- stratum abounds with good building stone. The tithes were commuted for land under an Enclosure Act in 1769. The living is a rect.* in the dioc. of Oxford, val. 251. The church, dedicated to St. Mary, is an ancient edifice with a tower. The parochial charities consist of the interest of 12, which is distributed to the poor in bread every Easter. The Dissenters have a place of worship. H. Dawkins, Esq., is lord of the manor. SALFORD, a hmlt. in the par. of Old Radnor, co. Radnor. It is in conjunction with Kinnerton, and is included within the borough of New Radnor. SALFORD PRIORS, a par. in the Stratford div. of Barlichway bund., co. Warwick, 4 miles N.E. of Evesham, and 5 S.W. of Aleester. The par., which is large, includes, besides the vil. of Priors Salford, the limits, of Abbots Salford and Dunnington. It is watered by several streams flowing into the river Avon and its tributary the Arrow, which last is here crossed by a. bridge. The surface slopes gradually towards the Avon, along the banks of which arc some rich alluvial meadow lands. The soil is generally light, consisting of gravel and marl, but interspersed with patches of stiff clay, upon a substratum of lias rock. There are nume- rous marl pits, but few are at present used. The village is considerable, and part of the female population not engaged in agriculture are employed in glove-making for houses in Worcester. Orchards are largely culti- vated, and a good deal of cider is made. Tradition says that there was anciently a priory, but all traces of it have disappeared. The living is a vie.* in the dioc. of Worcester, val. 111. The church, dedicated to St. Matthew, and situated at the extremity of the parish, is an ancient spacious structure with a square tower 60 feet high, and containing a peal of eight bells. The interior has recently been restored, and contains several ancient monuments of the Woodchurch Clarke family. There was formerly a chapel-of-ease called Woodchurch, near Bevington Wood. At Abbots Salford is a Roman Catholic chapel, and at Dunnington are places of worship for Wesloyans and Baptists. A Benedictine nunnery came here from France during the troubles of the Revo- lution, but has recently been removed to the neighbour- hood of Worcester. There is a free school, founded in 1G56 by William Perkins, which has an income from endowment ef 50, also a Sunday-school, and a day school for girls at Dunnington. The parochial charities include a bequest of 6 annually, to be given in clothing to six poor men. Part of Ragley Park lies in this parish, which is chiefly the property of the Marquis of Hertford. In a field called the Vineyard, near the church, are ruins of the ancient seat of the Clarkes. There are saline and petrifying springs. At Parkhall farm many fossils have been found belonging to the lias era, and on the banks of the Arrow Roman remains, including pottery, spear-heads, urns, ornaments, and a few coins. SALIIOUSE, a par. in the hund. of Taverham, co. Norfolk, 6 miles N.E. of Norwich. Coltishall is its post town. The village, which is chiefly agri- cultural, is situated near the navigable river Bure, which bounds the parish on the E. The surface is varied by several large sheets of water. The living is a vie. annexed to that of Wroxham, in the dioc. of Norwich. TLo church, dedicated to All Saints, has a square em- battled tower, and has been restored. The register dates from 1568. The parochial charities produce about 28 nnum. There is a National school. The Baptists bare two places of worship, and the Wesleyans one. Selhouse Hall, the principal residence, contains a choice tion of pictures. W. H. Trafford, Esq., is lord of anor. _SAI,IXE, a par. in the district of Dunfermline, co. Si. it land. It contains a vil. of the same name. It extends in length about Gj miles from W. to E., with an extreme breadth of 4j miles. It is bounded by the cos. of Clackmannan Perth, and Kinross, and by the pars, of Dunfermline and Carnock. The surface of the eastern district rises into a lofty ridge, designated the Saline hills, while that of the western district is level. The elevated parts are in pasture and marsh, while the lower parts are chiefly clay and loam, and in some places very fertile. There are several collieries, and lime- stone and ironstone works near Rescobie and Lathal- mond. The village of Saline is about 5 miles N.W. of Dunfermline, and is within easy access of the Oakley railway station. The village is situated in a hollow near the extremity of the Saline hills, on the river Blackdevon. Tho high road from Dunfermline toAuch- terarder passes through the parish. In the vicinity are ruins of Killerney and Kirkland towers, also of two circular camps and of a military station on Bandrum Hill, where Roman urns have been found. This par. is in the presb. of Dunfermline and synod of Fife, and in the patron, of the crown. The stipend of the minister is 156. The parish church is situated in a commanding position in the village. There is a parochial school, also a non-parochial school. The principal residences are -Upper and Nether Kinnedder, Bandrum, Balgonar, Hill- side, Grey Craigs, West Saline, Turmygask, and Tullo- hill. SALING, GREAT, a par. in the hund. of Hinckford, co. Essex, 6 miles N.W. of Braintree, its post town, and the same distance N.E. of Dunmow. The village, which is small, but of great antiquity, is situated near the Podsbrook or Pondsbrook rivulet, which falls into the river Blackwater. The houses are built round a trian- gular green comprising about 5 acres. The parish for- merly included the adjoining parish of Bardfield, or Little Saling, as it was then termed. The tithes have been commuted for several rent-charges, including one to Guy's Hospital, in London, of 55. The living is a vie.* in the dioc. of Rochester, val. 148. The church, dedicated to St. James, has a tower containing two bells. The register dates from 1715. The church contains monuments to the Yeldham, Goodrich, and Sheddon families. Tho parochial charities produce about 5 per annum. There is a National school for both sexes. SALING, LITTLE. See BAUDFIELD BALING, co. Essex. SALISBURY, or NEW SARUM, a city, market town, municipal and parliamentary borough, having separate civil jurisdiction, but locally in the hund. of Underditch, co. Wilts, 82 miles S.W. of London, and 28J from Win- chester. It has stations on the Basingstoko section of the London and South- Western and Salisbury and War- minster branch of the Great Western railways, commu- nicating directly with the metropolis, and another on the Bishopstoke branch of the South- Western, connect- ing it with the port of Southampton. This city owes its origin to the decline of Old Sarum, which is believed to have been a seat of the Belga prior to the Roman inva- sion of Britain, and was selected by the latter people as a station on the highway to the W., the three roads to Winchester, Silchester, and Dorchester branching off at this point, and probably three others to Bath, Ilchester, and a station on the Kennet ; but these last are only traceable in certain localities : numerous coins of the several Roman emperors have also been found within its area. Under the West Saxons it first became the seat of a bishopric, founded by Ina in 704, but for a time resident at Sherborne, in Dorsetshire, whence the see was removed in 905 to Wilton, in Wilts, and afterwards to Old Sarum, or the ancient Salisbury, which William of Malmesbury describes as more properly a castle than a city, being situated on a barren hill, and encompassed with a high wall. In this area the cathedral church was built by Bishops Herman and Osmond, shortly after the Norman conquest ; but King Stephen having quarrelled with Bishop Roger, placed a strong garrison in the castle, which was considered a gross violation of the liberties of the church, and the military occupants of which levied contributions on the property of the churchmen. From this dreary spot Bishop Poore, in 1215, obtained license from Pope Honorius to remove his see, and the site for the new cathedral was revealed to the reverend prelate in a vision of the night, in the