Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 3.djvu/50

NEWLYN. 38 NEWMILL. is rich in mineral wealth, and the lead mine called East Wheal Rose yields ore in which about 40 ounces of silver are found to the ton. The petty sessions for the W. div. of the hund. of Pyder are held in the village, which was once a market town, under a grant obtained for it by the Bishop of Exeter in 1312. It is compactly built in the most elevated part of the parish, and com- mands a wide prospect over the surrounding country. The population has of recent years considerably in- creased. The parish contains several old mansions, including Trerice, formerly the seat of Lord John Arundell, who was present with Queen Elizabeth at the review of the troops at Tilbury, and who so bravely defended Pendennis Castle at the advanced age of eighty. Only part of this once baronial edifice is still standing, and is much dilapidated. Tresilian is the seat of Richard Gully Bennett, Esq. The present lords of the manor and principal landed proprietors are, Sir Thomas Dyke Acland, Viscount Falmouth, the Bishop of Exeter, and Christopher H. T. Hawkins, Esq. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of 755, and the vicarial for 470, with a glebe of 9 acres. The living is a vie.* in the dioc. of Exeter, val. 380, in the patron, of the bishop. The church, dedicated to St. Newlyn, is a spacious cruciform structure with a lofty square embattled tower crowned with pinnacles or mina- rets at each of the angles, and containing a peal of five bella. The church, which is of great antiquity, has undergone much repair, having been partly rebuilt at various periods, and was reroofed in 1846. It contains a marble monument bearing the bust of Lady Margaret Arundell. The Wesleyans and Bryanites have chapels. There is a parochial school for hoys and girls, with a small endowment. On the Downs in the vicinity are several barrows. NEWLYN, a vil. in the par. of St. Paul, W. div. of the hund. of Penwith, co. Cornwall, half a mile S.W. of Penzance. It is a fishing port, situated on Mount's Bay, in the English Channel. This place was of con- siderable importance previously to its being burnt by the Spaniards in 1595. The harbour is small but com- modious, and is accessible to vessels of 100 tons. There are about 300 boats employed in the fisheries belonging to the port. The village consists of one principal tho- roughfare nearly half a mile in length, with several alleys branching off in different directions. There is a large brewery. The Independents and Wesleyans have places of worship. NEWMARKET, a market town and seat of a Poor- law Union, partly in the par. of All Saints, hund. of Cheveley, co. Cambridge, and partly in that of St. Mary, hund. of Lackford, co. Suffolk (the High-street dividing the two counties), 12 miles N.E. of Cambridge, and 01 N. by E. of London. It is a station on the Cambridge and Bury branch of the Great Eastern railway. The town, which is situated in a valley, has been celebrated fur its races and racing establishments since the time of James I., when a house was built here for the especial use of the king and his retinue. This house, which did not escape the ravages of the Civil War, was rebuilt by Charles II., but has been twice subsequently almost wholly destroyed by fire, though a small portion of the original building is still standing. The stables in which the royal stud was formerly kept are close to this house, as is also the mansion belonging to the Jockey Club, which may be considered as the headquarters of that society. The Beacon racecourse is more than 4 miles long, and perhaps the finest in the world. It is on the western side of the town. The celebrated " Childers" went over it in 7J minutes. The round course is more than 3J miles. Tho training ground is on the S. side of the town, and cannot be matched in England. There are numerous training establishments in New- market, and, as .may be supposed, a great part of the inhabitants are trainers, or connected with the racing stables. Seven times during the year there are races, which are invariably attended by rank and fashion. The town contains a literary institution, with reading- rooms, two banks, a free school, and National schools. The main street is upwards of three-quarters of a mile long, and most of the houses are well built, and many are betting houses. The town, though only partially paved, is well lighted with gas, and healthy. It has the advantage of being under a local board of health. Twice has the town been nearly destroyed by fire, once in 1623, and again early in the last century. The prosperity of Newmarket is mainly due to horse- racing, which has caused a great many first-class hotels and inns to be erected. Some malting and brew- ing is carried on, and there is a corn market. There are two parish churches one, All Saints, the living of which is a perpet. cur. in the dioc. of Ely, val. 100, in the patron, of the Bishop of Norwich ; the other, St. Mary's, the living of which is a rect.* also in the dioc. of Ely, val. 250. The church of St. Mary is an ancient Gothic structure built of stone, and was re- cently restored, when a piscina of the time of Henry III. was discovered. It contains the tomb of Trampton, the trainer to William III. and three successive sovereigns. The register commences from the time of Charles II. There are chapels for Wesleyans and Independents. It is the head of a Poor-law Union comprising 29 parishes, and the seat of a county court, which sits once a month. The Devil's Ditch on the downs is a very remarkable hollow more than 100 feet broad, and nearly 5 miles long, with a slope of upwards of 50 feet on the S.W. side. Near this spot some Roman coins and relics were found a century ago. There are remains of a palace of the Stuart period, and Nell Gwynn occupied a house in the town. The Duke of Bedford, Marquis of Exeter, Baron Rothschild, and other eminent patrons of the turf, have extensive training establishments here. Market day is Tuesday. Fairs are held on Whit-Tuesday for cattle, &c., and a pleasure fair on the 8th November. NEWMARKET, a par. in the hund. of Prestatyn, co. Flint, 6 miles N.W. of Rhyl, its post town. The village, which is small, is situated on the river Prestatyn, and near Offa's Dyke. The .parish contains the extensive tumulus locally called the " Gop," which is said by some to have been erected by the conquerors of the Ordomces, and by others to have been the burial-place of Queen Boadicea. Petty sessions are held in the village, which was once a'market town. The living is a perpet. cur. in the dioc. of St. Asaph, val. 90, in the patron, of the bishop. The church, dedicated to St. Michael, is a modern structure. In the churchyard is an ornamented cross of the 14th century. There is an endowed school. The Independents have a place of worship. Golden Grove is the principal residence. NEWMARKET, a post and market town in the par. of Clonfert, bar. of Duhallow, co. Cork, prov. of Munster, Ireland, 4 miles N.W. of Kanturk, and 130 S.W. of Dublin. It stands on the river Allua, at the cross roads from Mallow to Listowel, and from Charleville to Killarney. The town, which consists of one long street, contains a church, Roman Catholic chapel, fever hospital, and a dispensary within the Kanturk poor-law union. The town belongs to the Aldworth family. Fairs are held on 21st April, 8th June, 16th July, 8th September, 10th October, and 21st November. NEWMARKET, a hmlt. in the par. of Horsley, co. Gloucester. 3 miles S.W. of Minchinhampton. NEWMARKET, a vil. in the par. of Aghavillcr, bar. of Knocktopher, co. Kilkenny, prov. of Leinster, Ireland, near Higginstown. A pillar tower stands near the village. Fairs are held on Easter-Monday. NEWMARKET-ON-FERGUS, a post and market town in the par. of Tomfinlough, bar. of Lower Bunratty, co. Clare, prov. of Munster, Ireland, 2 miles E. of Fergus, and 105 S.W. by W. of Dublin. There is a station for Ballycar and Newmarket on the Limerick and Ennis line of railway. It is situated on the road from Ennis to Limerick. There is a police station and a dispensary, which last is within the Ennis poor-law union. Several seats adorn the neighbourhood. Fairs are held on Easter-Monday and 7th November. NEWMILL, a vil. in the par. of Keith, co. Banff, Scotland, 1J mile N. of Keith, and 8 S.E. of ' Fochabcrs.