Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 3.djvu/517

SOUTHWICK. 505 SOWE. brass to J. White, date 1567. The parochial charities produce about 150 per annum, chiefly the endowment of Thistlethway te's school, of recent foundation. SOUTHWICK, a tnshp. in the par. of Monk-Wear- mouth, E. div. of Chester ward, co. Durham, 1J mile N.W. of Sunderland, its post town. It is situated on the river Wear, and contains several glass and lime works, potteries, shipbuilding yards, c. The living is a perpet. cur.* in the dioc. of Durham, in the patron, of the dean and chapter. The church is modern. The Wesleyans have a chapel, and there is a National school. SOUTHWICK, a par. in the hund. of Willybrook, co. Northampton, 2f miles N.W. of Oundle, its post town. The village, which is of small extent, is situated in a valley on a branch of the river Nen. The inhabi- tants are wholly agricultural. The par. includes Cross- wayland Lodge, and is almost entirely surrounded with woods belonging to Rockingham Forest. The living is a vie.* in the dioc. of Peterborough, val. 90. The church is dedicated to St. Mary. The parochial chari- ties produce about 21 per annum. G. Capron, Esq., is lord of the manor. SOUTHWICK, an ancient par. in the co. of Kirkcud- bright, Scotland, 10 miles S.E. of Castle Douglas, now joined to Col vend. It is a station on the Castle Douglas railway. SOUTHWICK, a tythg. in the par. of Bradley, co. Wilts, 2 miles S. W. of Trowbridge. The village is con- siderable. The weaving of cloth is carried on to some extent. The living is a perpet. cur. in the dioc. of Salisbury, val. 160, in the patron, of the vicar. The church is a modern structure, dedicated to Christ. SOUTHWICK, a tnshp. in the par. and borough of Tewkesbury, co. Gloucester, 2 miles from Tewkesbury. It is in conjunction with the hamlet of Park. SOUTHWICK, a par. in the hund. of Fishergate, rape of Bramber, co. Sussex, li mile E. of Shoreham, its post town, and 4 miles W. of Brighton. It is a station on the South Coast railway. The village is situated near Shoreham Harbour on the ship canal, by means of which a considerable trade is carried on in corn, coals, &c. The inhabitants are chiefly seafaring. Southwick is a preventive station. The par. includes the hmlt. of Fishergate. The living is a rect.* in the dioc. of Chi- chester, val. 207, in the patron, of the lord chancellor. The church is dedicated to St. Michael. The register dates from 1654. There is a National school, also a reading and lecture room. A fair is held on 19th May. SOUTHWOLD, a par., seaport, market town, and municipal borough locally in the hund. of Blything, co. Suffolk, but having separate jurisdiction, 4 miles N.E. of Dunwich, 12 S.W. of Lowestoft, and 30 N.E. of Ips- "wich. It is situated on an eminence, nearly surrounded by the river Blythe, at its influx into the German Ocean, and is bounded on the N. by Buss Creek. It was called by the Saxons Stidwald, i.e., Southwood, from an ancient forest now cleared, and waa given by Bishop Alfric to the Abbey of Bury St. Edmund's, to which it paid 25,000 herrings. At the time of the Domesday Survey it was above a mile from the sea, which has here so encroached upon the land that it is now close to the shore. Henry VII. granted it a charter of incorporation. In 1659 a fire consumed nearly the whole town, with the townhall, gaol, granaries, and court-baron rolls, in con- sequence of which the whole body of copyholders under the corporation became freeholders. Two naval engage- ments took place in the bay opposite the town, commonly called Sole Bay, between the Dutch and English ; the first battle in 1665, when the Dutch were entirely defi-ated, and the second in 1672, when the Dutch fleet under De Ruyter drew off under cover of night, the English being too shattered to follow them. In October, 17 1 ">, William Duke of Cumberland landed here on his return from the Continent and presented the town with six pieces of ordinance, which occupy the battery on the clifl's. About the middle of the last century the har- bour was improved by the construction of two piers, and the clearing out of the haven, which had been choked up with sand. A breakwater has also been constructed beneath Gun-hill Cliff to prevent the- encroachment of the sea, which had become serious. It is a coastguard station, and pilot-boats and life-boats are kept here. There is a considerable maritime trade, chiefly coastwise, and the fisheries are prolific, principally in herrings, cod, soles, and sprats, which are sent to the London market. Salt works have long been established, and there are an iron foundry, brewery, and rope-walks. The town, which is clean and well kept, is triangular, and contains many good houses and several villas sur- rounded by grounds and gardens facing the sea, and in front is a promenade along the cliff. There are lodging- houses, and accommodation for visitors during the sea- son for sea-bathing. The streets are well paved, lighted with gas, and the houses supplied with excellent spring water. It contains a guildhall, rebuilt in 1819, a sailors' reading room, a gaol, commercial bank, two batteries (one now unfit for service), and a bridge. The population in 1851 was 2,102, exclusive of 200 fishermen then away on distant voyages, and in 1861 2,032, show- ing a slight decrease. Under the new Act the town is governed by a mayor, 4 aldermen, 12 common council- men, treasurer, and town clerk, with the style of " bai- liffs, aldermen, and burgesses of the borough of South- wold." The corporation revenue is about 1,000, chiefly derived from the manorial rents. The living is a per- pet. cur. in the dioc. of Norwich, val. 90. The church, dedicated to St. Edmund, is a Gothic structure built in the middle of the 15th century, 143J feet by 56, with a steeple 100 feet high, containing eight bells. It is con- structed of freestone, intermixed with flint of various colours, and has a good porch with a niche in it. In the interior are carved seats, painted screen and ceiling, and a monument to Gardner, the town historian. The church is now being restored. The register commences in 1602. The parochial charities produce about 50 per annum. There are places of worship for the Inde- pendents and Wesley ans, also National and infant schools. Fossil remains of the mammoth and elephant are met with. This part of the coast is also remarkable for the early arrival and late departure of the swallow. Market day is on Thursday. An annual fair is held on Trinity Monday and the two following days. SOUTHWOOD, a par. in the hund. of Blofield, co. Norfolk, 9 miles from Yarmouth, 1 mile from Cantley railway station, and 4 miles S.W. of Acle, its post town. The parish, which is of small extent, is wholly agricul- tural. The village has fallen into decay. The living is a rect., with the vie. of Limpenhoe annexed, in the dioc. of Norwich, val. 292. The church is dedicated to St. Edmund. The register dates from 1675. The parochial charities produce about 4 per annum. H. R. Nevill, Esq., is lord of the manor. SOUTHWOOD, a hmlt. in the par. of Baltons- borough, co. Somerset. 5 miles W. of Castle Carey. SOUTHWOOD, a hmlt. in the par. of Evercreech, co. Somerset, 3 miles N.W. of Bruton. SOUTHWOOD, a hmlt. in the par. of St. Laurence, hund. of Thanet, lathe of St. Augustine, co. Kent, near Ramsgato. SOUTHWORTH-WITH-CROFT, a tnshp. in the par. of Winwick, hund. of West Derby, co. Lancaster, 3 miles S.E. of Newton-in-Mackerfield. The village is considerable. SOUTRA, an ancient par. in the co. of Haddington, Scotland, now joined to Fala. SOW, the name of several small rivers ; one rises near Broughton in Staffordshire, and joins the Trent near Tixall; another rises near Withybrook in Warwick- shire, and joins the Avon at Stoneleigh; while a third rises near Oulart in county of Woxford, Ireland, and falls into Wexford Harbour. SOWDLEY, a tnshp. in the par. of Cheswardine, co. Salop, 6 miles N.W. of Newport, near the Grand Junc- tion canal. SOWE, a par. partly in the city of Coventry, and partly in the hund. of Knightlow, co. Warwick, 3 miles N.E. of Coventry, its post town. The village is situ- ated on the river Sow, from which it takes its name.