Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 3.djvu/595

SUFTON. 583 SULBY. the fens which prevail there, and towards its eastern edge it is covered by diluvial beds, occupying the central parts. The soil is various, and is divided into three districts. The land lying along the coast, and for some distance inwards, is generally sandy loam and sand, covered in some places with heath, on which large quantities of sheep are fed. Marshy tracts are also found where cattle are reared. At Bardsley and other places the coprolites deposited by extinct animals are burned for manure. In the centre and S.W. a rich sandy loam is found on a retentive marl-clay bottom, generally interspersed with light, easy soil. Drainage is there extensively practised, and most improved systems of husbandry are adopted. The land is fertile, the average yield on heavy grounds being 32 bushels of wheat, 44 bushels of barley, or 36 bushels of beans. The four- course system is most followed. Farms are for the most part of 100 to 300 acres in extent, and held from year to year. There are many large farmers who hold under short leases. In the N.W. district, towards Newmarket, the soil is comparatively poor, being partly of sand, on the substratum of chalk, and partly of peat, or open heath, upon which sheep are grazed. Considerable tracts have here been lately reclaimed. Of the entire county it is estimated that about 46,000 acres consist of a rich loam, 80,000 acres of marshes and fens, 450,000 acres of heavy loam and clay, and 250,000 acres of sandy tracts. Tillage husbandry is generally adopted, and is carefully and skilfully conducted. The climate is one of the driest in England, but being exposed from the N. and E., the frost in winter is often very severe, and in spring a hard north-easterly wind generally prevails, which renders vegetation late. The crops most grown are, wheat, barley, oats, beans, peas, turnips, carrots, cabbage, and potatoes. Hops and hemp are cultivated to a small extent. The pasture lands and meadows are rich, and cattle of various breeds are grazed during winter in the valleys of the Waveney and other rivers, and sold in spring, but much of these pastures has been ploughed up, and is now tilled, and the number of dairy farms is consequently reduced. Large quantities of butter, how- ever, are still made for the London market, the yearly supply being estimated at 50,000 firkins. Cheese of an inferior quality is made. Sheep, chiefly of the Norfolk and South Down breeds, are fed in large numbers. The stock is estimated at 500,000, yielding about 9,000 wool packs. Suffolk is famous for its breed of horses. The pigs are small, white, and straight-eared, and of a hardy and fruitful nature. They fatten well, and are made into excel- lent hams and bacon. Geese and turkeys are as exten- sively reared in some places as in Norfolk, and poultry of all kinds is abundant. Large numbers of pigeons are bred in the open fields in the W. Rabbit warrens were formerly numerous in the N.W. district, but their number is considerably reduced. The rivers and streams supply trout in large numbers, and Lowestoft and other ports share in the herring fishery for which Yarmouth is celebrated. Manufactures, particularly of woollens, were formerly much carried on, having been established in the reign of Edward III. by some Flemings whom Queen Philippa induced to settle here, but are now much discontinued. They principally consist of the combing and spinning of wool, and the manufacture of mixed woollen and silk fabrics at Sudbury, Gainsford, and other places. Stays are made at Ipswich ; hemp drablets and fustians at Haverhill; sacking at Stow- market; malt at Woodbridgo and Stowmarket; and velvets, straw-plait, gloves, bricks, and tiles, at various places. There are extensive manufactories of agricul- tural implements at Ipswich, Leiston, and Peasenhall, near Saxmundham. Suffolk belongs chiefly to the diocese of Norwich, in which it constitutes two arch- deaconries, Suffolk and Sudbury, besides the deaneries of Fordham, Clare, and Thingoe, now subject to the diocese of Ely. It comprises 21 hundreds, containing 438 whole parishes, parts of 4 others, and 11 extra- parochial places. The county is further divided for >ral purposes into East and West Suffolk. It re- turns nine members to parliament, two for the eastern division, constituency 6,769 in 1865 ; two for the western, constituency 4,269; two each for Bury St. Edmund's and Ipswich, constituencies respectively 711 and 1,985; and one for Eye, constituency 331. Bury is the place of election for the E. division, and Ipswich for the western. The civil government is entrusted to a lord lieutenant and custos rotulorum, high sheriff, and about 213 deputy lieutenants and magis- trates. It is in the Home military district, and in the Norfolk circuit. The spring assizes are held at Ips- wich, and those in summer at Bury St. Edmund's. Quarter sessions for the Gueldable division are held at Beccles and Ipswich, and those for the franchises of St. Ethelred and St. Edmund at Woodbridge and Bury respectively. There are county gaols and houses of correction at Bury and Ipswich, and houses of correction and borough prisons at other places. The county lunatic asylum is at Melton Woodbridge, and the general hospital, established in 1825, at Bury. The county con- tains 18 market towns, and upwards of 560 smaller towns and villages, besides numerous seats of the no- bility and gentry. Traces of camps are observable at Stow Langtoft, Ixworth, and at Haughley, near Stowmarket. A tesselated pavement was dug up at Packenham, near Ixworth ; and coins and foundations have been discovered at Bury, Blythburgh, Dunwich, Ixworth, and other places. In the neighbourhood of Hoxne, near Eye, where Edmund the Martyr was shot by the Danes, several arrow-heads and curious flint weapons were found. There are traces of abbeys at Bury, where the abbey church and gate are yet standing, and at Leiston, where portions of the abbey walls arc used for the out-offices of a farm ; of friaries at Eye and Ipswich, of churches atBlythburgh, Dunwich, Framling- ham, Lavenham, Melford, Southwold, and elsewhere ; and of castles at Bungay, Clare, Framlingham, Freston, Orford, and Wingfield. The title of earl of Suffolk was conferred in 1603 on the Howards, of Charltou Park in Wiltshire, and is still enjoyed by their descendants. Ipswich was the birth-place of Cardinal Wolsey ; Sud- bury, of Gainsborough ; Framlingham, of the great Earl of Surrey; Honington, of Bloomfield the poet; Aid- borough, of Crabbo; and Ashfield, of Thurlow. SUFTON, a hmlt. in the par. of Mordiford, co. Here- ford, 4 miles S.E. of Hereford, near the river Wye. SUGDEN, a tnshp. in the par. of Eoddington, co. Salop, 6 miles N.E. of Shrewsbury. SUGLEY, a hmlt. in the par. of Horsley, co. Glou- cester, 3 miles S.W. of Minchinhampton. SUGLEY, a tnshp. in the par. of Newburn, W. div. of Castle ward, co. Northumberland, 4 miles W. of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and half a mile from Blaydou railway station. It is situated on the river Tyne, adjoining the village of Lemington. The extensive factory termed the Tyne Iron Works affords employ- ment to the greater part of the inhabitants. The living is a cur. annexed to the vie. of Newburn, in the dioc. of Durham. The church is dedicated to St. Saviour. 11 is situated in Sugloy Field, and was built in 1836. There is a school for both sexes. SUGNALL, MAGNA, a tnshp. in the par. of Eccles- hall, N. div. of Pirehill hund., co. Stafford, 2i miles N.W. ofEccleshall. SUGNALL, PARVA, a tnshp. in the par. of Eccles- hall, N. div. of Pirehill hund., co. Stafford, 3 miles N.W. of Eccleshall. SUIR, a river of cos. Tipperary, Waterford, and Kilkenny, Ireland, joins the Barrow at Waterford Harbour. SULBY, an ext. par. place in the hund. of Rothwell, co. Northampton, 10 miles W. of Rothwell, and 6 S.W. of Ilarborough. It is situated on the river Avon, and had a Premonstratensian abbey, founded by Robert do Quercet, Bishop of Lincoln, in 1155, and its revenue at the Dissolution was estimated at 305 8s. 5d., when the site was given to the Hattons. Sulby Hall has a gallery of paintings by Flemish masters. SULBY, a hmlt. in the par. of Kirk-Lezayre, Isle of Man, 4 miles W. of Ramsey. It takes its name from a