graphs, Volume I. (New York, 1895); Shaler (editor), United States of America (New York, 1894); Comte d'Ursel, L'Amérique du Sud (second edition, Paris, 1879); Child, The Spanish-American Republics (New York, 1891); Thomas, Explorations dans l'Amérique du Sud (Paris, 1891); Vincent, Around and About South America (New York, 1890); Burmeister, “Die Südamerikanischen Republiken, Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, und Uruguay,” in Petermann's Mitteilungen, Ergänzungsheft 39 (Gotha, 1875); Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, 1896-99, edited by Scott (Princeton, 1901, et seq.).
Geography. United States Geological Survey Annual Reports (Washington, 1885-1901); United States Geological Survey Bulletins (Washington, 1884, et seq.); United States Geological Survey Monographs (Washington, 1890, et seq.); Suess, Das Antlitz dcr Erde (Prague, 1883-88); Canada Geological and Natural History Survey Reports (Montreal, 1885, et seq.); Felix and Lenk, Beiträge zur Geologie und Paläontologie der Republik Mexico (Leipzig, 1890); Boletin del Instituto Geológico de Mexico, Nos. 1 to 14 (Mexico, 1895-1900); Darwin, Natural History and Geology of the Voyage of the “Beagle” (London, 1809); Darwin, Geological Observations on Volcanic Islands of South America (London, 1892); Steinmann, “Sketch of Geology of South America,” in American Naturalist, XXV. (Salem, Boston, Philadelphia, 1891); Hartt, Geology and Physical Geography of Brazil (Boston, 1870).
Hydrography. Reports of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey (Washington); United States Hydrographic Office Publications (Washington, 1867-1900); Newell, “Report of Progress for 1893-95, United States Division of Hydrography,” Geographical Survey Bulletins 131, 140 (Washington, 1893-95); Russell, Lakes of North America (Boston, 1895); Russell, Rivers of North America (Boston, 1898); Ray, “Navigation of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea,” United States Hydrographic Office, No. 86 (Washington, 1898); Humphrey and Abbott, “Report on the Physics and Hydraulics of the Mississippi River,” United States Army Corps of Topographical Engineers, Professional Paper No. 13 (Washington, 1876).
Climate. Publications of the United States Weather Bureau (Washington); of the various State Weather Series of the United States; of the Canadian Meteorological Office (Toronto); and of the Mexican Weather Service, Observatorio Meteorológico Central (Mexico); Waldo, Elementary Meteorology (New York, 1896); Greely, American Weather (New York, 1888); Gould, Annales de la Oficina Meteorológica Argentina (Buenos Ayres, 1878).
Flora. Britton and Brown, Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions (New York, 1896-98); Heller, “New and Interesting Plants from Western North America,” in Torrey Botanical Club Bulletin, Volume XXVI. (New York, 1899); Small, “Notes and Descriptions of North American Plants,” in Torrey Botanical Club Bulletin, Volume XXV. (New York, 1898); Berg, Physiognomy of Tropical Vegetation in South America (Loudon, 1854); Rusby, “Enumeration of Plants Collected in South America,” in Torrey Botanical Club Bulletin, Volumes XV., XX., XXII., XXV., XXVII. (New York, 1888-96-98, 1900); Goodale, The Wild Flowers of America (Boston, 1887); Hervey, Beautiful Wild Flowers of America (London, 1878); Newhall, The Trees of Northeastern America (New York, 1891); Newhall, The Shrubs of Northeastern America (New York, 1893); Newhall, The Vines of Northeastern America (New York, 1897); Sargent, The Silva of North America (Boston, 1890-91); Heller, Catalogue of North American Plants North of Mexico (Lancaster, 1900); Gray, Synoptical Flora of North America (New York, 1880-95-97); Scribner, American Grasses, Parts I.-III. (United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, 1897-1900); Lesquereux and James, Manual of Mosses of North America (Boston, 1884-95).
Fauna. For bibliography of American fauna, consult the authorities referred to under the individual countries, and under such heads as Bird; Insect; Mammalia; Distribution of Animals, etc. The one work best outlining American zoölogy is the Standard Natural History, edited by Kingsley (Boston, 1885). Consult also: Wallace, The Geographical Distribution of Animals (London and New York, 1876); Merriam, “The Geographic Distribution of Life in North America,” Proceedings of the Biological Society, Volume VIII. (Washington, 1892); Elliot, North American Shore Birds (New York, 1895); Elliot, Game Birds of North America (New York, 1897); Elliot, Wild Fowl of North America (New York, 1898); Apgar, Birds of the United States (New York, 1898); Cope, “The Crocodiles, Lizards, and Snakes of North America,” United States National Museum Report, 1898 (Washington, 1900); Goode, American Fishes (New York, 1888); Edwards, The Butterflies of North America (New York, 1868-88); Scudder, Butterflies of the Eastern United States and Canada (Cambridge, 1888); Scudder, Brief Guide to the Common Butterflies of the United States and Canada (New York, 1893).
History and Discovery. For the discovery and colonization of the American continent, consult: Winsor, Narrative and Critical History of America (Boston, 1884-89). This work is valuable for its careful study of the sources of information on American history and for its copious bibliography. For a more popular and concise but scholarly treatment of the subject, consult Fiske, The Discovery of America (Boston, 1893), a work supplied with ample notes, which may be used as a basis for further investigation. The best books on special topics will be found in the articles on the individual explorers, countries, and colonies.
AMERICA. The American national hymn, by the Rev. Samuel F. Smith (1832). The melody, ascribed to Henry Carey (1742), is identical with that of the English national anthem, “God Save the King,” and, popular in France from 1775, became national in Denmark, Germany, and Prussia.
AMERICA. The name of the schooner-yacht which in the international yacht race of 1851 won the cup since known as the “America's Cup.” See Yacht.
AMER′ICAN ALL′SPICE. See Calycanthus.
AMERICAN AL′OE. See Agave.
AMERICAN AS′SOCIA′TIONS AND SOCI′ETIES. For descriptions of associations and
