Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 06.djvu/579

DUFAURE. 503 DUFFIELD. He was iiiailc Ministor of Justico in 1S71. 1S75. and 1S77 ; Imt wlion Givvy liwaiiie President, in 18711. Dnfaiire resigned permanently from the Ministry, though lie enntinued to take part in the legislative work of the Senate. DUFF. Ai.EXAXDER (180{;-7S). A Scotch mis- sionary to India, horn at Moulin. Perthshire. Ke was educated at the I'niversity of Saint Andrews, was ordained to the ministry of the Church of Scotland in 1829. and in the same year was sent as the first missionary of that Church to India. He estahlishcd his headquar- ters at Calcutta, and decideil to conduct his work on a new basis l>y fomuling a school which should later cxpanif into a cidlege, and in which the English language should be used for in- struction, first in the Bible, and secondly in Western knowledge generally. His plan was to carry on evangelistic activity largely by means of educated native iireachers. Upon the dis- ruption of the Church of Seotland, in 1843, he adhered, with all other foreign missionaries of the denomination, to the Free Church. He was therefore obliged to surrender the mission, with its entire equipment, to the Establishment, to which it legally belonged. Soon, however, he develoju'd a new institution larger and more efficient than the old, with branch schools in surrounding villages. In 1849 he was com- ])elled by ill health again to visit Scotland, where he remained until 1856. In 1851 he was called to the chair of the General Assembly of the Free Church, and in 1854 traveled and spoke in the I'nited States. He assisted in founding the Univei'sit- of Calcutta, and in 1804 perma- nently returned to Scotland. He was appointed the first professor of evangelistic theologry at Xcw College, Edinburgh, in 1S()7, and in 1873 was again elevated to the chair of tjie General Assembly. It was chieflj- through his agency that the Livingstonia Free Church ^Mission, on Lake Xyassa. Africa, was organized. His publi- cations include The Church of Scothind's India Mission (1835) and The World-iride Crisis n873). Consult Smith. The Life of Alexander Duff. D.D., LL.D. (London, 1879). DUFF, M.KY An-n- (1794-18.57). A tragic ac- tress, in lier time the greatest upon the American stage. Her maiden name was Mary Ann Dyke, and she was born in London. She made her debut in Dublin, in 1808. and there she became the wife of an Irish actor named .John DufT, with whom she came to America in 1810. She first appeared in Boston, as Juliet. She had the advantage of beauty, and reputation came to her as Ophelia — with her husband or John Howard Payne as Hamlet — Desdemona, Jane Shore. Lady ilacbeth, and other tragic roles. In 1821. in Boston, she jilayed Hermione in The Dislrest Mother so powerfully that Ednmnd Kean. whom she was supporting, feared it might be forgotten that he was the 'star.' She first ap|)eared in Xew York in 1823. as Hermione. to the Orestes of the elder Booth, who called her the best actress in the world. In 1828 she played for a short time in England, at Drury Lane, but soon returned to America. In 1835 she played for the last time in New York, and was married to Mr. Seaver, of New Orleans. There occurred her farewell to the stage, in 1838. She died in New York. Consult Ireland, Mrs. Duff (Boston, 1882). DUFTERIN AND AVA, ii'va. Frederick Tkmi'I.i; Hamiiiox I'.i.ai kwood, Marquis of (lS2(i-1902), A Britisli diplomat and states- man. The only son of the fourth Baron of DulVerin, he was born in Florence. Italy. He was educated at Eton, and took a degree at Christ Church, Oxford. He became fifth Baron of Dufferin. CIandel)oye. Ireland, at the death of his father, in 1841. and was lord-in-wailing to the Queen for several years, under two admin- istrations. He distinguished himself by literary production, and in 1855 was attached to the Austrian mission. In 1800 he was sent as Brit- ish connnissicmer to Syria to inquire into the niassaci-e of Cliristians. and on his return was created K.C.B. In 18(i4 he was ap])ointed Under Secretary of State for India; in 1800, Under Sec- retary for W'av. and Gladstone, in 1808, made him ClianccUor of the Duchy of Lancaster. From 1872 to 1878 he was Governor-General of the Dominion of Canada, where he attained great popularitv. He was Ambassador to Eussia from 1879 to "lS81. While Ambassador to Turkey ( 1881-84) he went to Egypt to restore order after Arabi Pasha's rebellion. His Viceroyalty of India (1884-88) was marked by the annexa- tion of Burma, and an amicable delimitation of the Afghan frontier with Russia, after the Penj- deh affair. He was Ambassador to Italy from 1888 to 1891. and Amliassador to Franco from 1891 to 1806, when he retired from the diplo- matic service. I'rom 1891 to 1895 he was Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports. He received a number of titles, including an earldom in 1871 and the ilarquisate of DulTcrin and Ava in 1888. The degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by the luiiversities and colleges of Cam- bridge. Edinburgh, Harvard, Laval, Trinity (Dublin), and McCJill; Oxford University gave him the degree of D.C.L., and Punjab University a doctorate of Oriental learning. In 1878 he was elected president of the Royal Geographical Society, and in 1891 lord rector of Glasgow L'niversity. Among his published writings are: Ti^arrative of a Journey from Oxford to Sh'ib- hereen During the Year of the Irish Famine (1846-47); Letters from nigh Jjntitudes. de- scriptive of a yacht voyage' to Iceland (1859) ; Contributions to an Inquiry into the State of Ireland (1800); Iri.ih Emigration and the Ten- ure of Laud in Ireland (1807): Speeches and .iddresscs (1882). His wife. Harriet Hamilton, is well known for her ]>hihuithropic wm'k among the native' women of India, and for the inter- estinir books; The Record of Three Years' Work (1889); Our Vice-Regal Life in India (1890); and My Canadian Journal (1891). Lisinngs from Low Latitudes (1863), though often at- trilnited to her, is not her work, but that of Helen Selina Sheridan (1807-07), mother of the Marquis, and author of "The Eniigiant's Farewell." O Bay of Dublin," and other beau- tiful songs. DUFFIELD. George (1794-1868). An .m<'rican Presbyterian clergyman, born at Str:isburg. Pa., a grandson of the Rev. George Dullield (1732-90). He was educated at the I'niversity of Pennsylvania and was ordained in 1815. He had charges successively in Carlisle. Pa., New York City. Philadelphia, and Detroit, and from 1840 to 1848 was regent of the Uni- versity of Michigan. He was distinguished by a progressive spirit, and was prominently iden-