Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 06.djvu/595

DUMOTJRIEZ. 5V.< DUNBAR. who received a suvoic ilieek at Valmy (Septem- ber 20), and was forced to abandon the invasion 01 French territory. He llien pressed into the Austrian XetherUuuls and defeated the enemy at .Jemappes. on November 0. 1702. This was the period of hi.s highest power, and for the moment lie was the greatest man in Trance. In 1793, after several small successes, Dumouriez was checked in his career of conquest by the Aus- trians under Prince Coburg. in the battle of Xeerwinden. Denounced at Paris as a traitor, he refused to ap])ear before the bar of the Assembly to answer to the charges. After vain- ly trying to induw his army to embrace the cause of royalty. IXmiouriez in despair de- serted to the Austrians, with a few of his offi- cers. The Convention set a price of .300,000 francs upon his head. After wandering through many countries of Europe, he finally settled in England, where he died in e.xile at Turville Park, near Henley-upon-Thames, March 14, 1823. Besides a multitude of pamphlets, Dumouriez wrote Mimoires du general Dumouriez (Ham- burg, 17961: and Ln vie ct le$ memoires du general Dumouriez (3d ed.. Paris. 1822-24). Consult: Welschinger, he roman de Dumouriez (Paris, 1890) : Griffiths, French Revolutionary (lenerals (London, 1891), DUM-PAXM. See Doom. DUMPY LEVEL. See Engixeeeixg Instbu- MENTS. DUNA, diina, or SouTiiEBy Dvin. (in con- tradiction to the Dvina of northern Russia). A river of West Russia, rising in a small lake in the southwestern part of the Gfovernment of Tver, nine miles from the source of the Volga. It flows in a semicircle at first southwest, and then northwest, finally forming the boundary between Courland and Livonia, and empties into the Gulf of Riga 10 miles below Riga (Map: Rus- sia, D 3), Its length is about t!.50 miles. The up- per course of the river lies in a broken countn.-, giving rise to numerous rapids. It is navigable through almost its entire length. Ocean steam- ers can ascend only to Riga, but smaller vessels reach Diinaburg. The traffic on the Diina is very considerable at high }-ater, 2,000.000 tons being annually transported. Some of the tribu- taries are navigable. The Diina is connected by the Beresina Canal with the Dnieper, and is free of ice in its lower course for over 240 days in the year. DUNABURG, du'na-bnrrrK (Russian official name Dvinsk). A district town and fortress in the Russian Government of Vitebsk, situated on the Diina. 110 miles southeast of Riga, and 332 miles southwest of Saint Petersburg (Map; Rus- sia, 3). It is a fortress of the first class and is situated at the junction of three important rail- way lines, connecting Saint Petersburg. Warsaw. Libau. Riga, and Vitebsk. The chief manufactur- ing establishments are distilleries, tobacco and match factories, and flour-mills. The commerce is considerable. Diinaburg was founded by the Livonian Knights in 1278, in 1.501 became a part of Poland, and in 1772 was incorporated with Russia. Diinaburg was bombarded by the French in 1812. and was occupied by the allied Prussian and French forces under M.acdonald in the same year. Population, in 1807. 72.000. DUNA-FOLDVAR, di.i'n6-fcld'vUr (Hung,, car(hw;Uled luitrcs^ on the Danube, so called from its situation), A town of Hungary in the county of Tolna, on the right bank of the Dan- ube, about 50 miles soulh of Buda])est (Map: Hungary, F 3), It is a railway and steamship station, with a trade in luml)cr. Pottery is made here, and there are sturgeon fisheries. Popula- tion, in 1890, 12,304; in 1900, 12,117, DUN ANT, du'na.N', Je..n He.nki (1828—). A .'Swiss autlior and philanthropist, founder of the Red Cross Society (q.v. ), He was born in Geneva and conceived the idea of founding a society for aiding wounded soldiers while visit- ing the scene of the battle of Solferino. He wrote a book entitled Cn souvenir dc Solferino (5th ed. 1871), and delivered lectures advocat- ing relief in war before tile Society of Public Utility in Geneva. Soon afterwards a meeting was held in that city which resulted in the Geneva Convention (1804), and the establish- ment of a permanent international committee. In 1804 the cooperation of ten governments had been obtained and the Red Cross Society was officially establislied (August 22, 1864)' M, Dunant bestowed liis entire fortune on various charities, and subsequently received a pension from the Empress of Russia, Besides the work already mentioned, he wrote the following: I'raternitc et charitc internationales en temps de guerre (1st to 7th ed., 1864) ; L'esclavage chez les musulmans et aux Etats-Unis de VAmerique (1803) ; La renovation de VOrient (1865). DUNBAR' (Gael., Castle Point). A royal. Parliamentary and municipal burgh, and ancient seaport of Haddingtonshire, Scotland, on an emi- nence of the rocky coast near the mouth of the Firth of Forth, 29 miles east-northeast of Edin- burgh ( Jlap: Scotland, F 4) . The harbor, opened about 1844. is admirably suited for fisheries, and large quantities of herring are annually exported. Population (municipal burgh), in 1901, 3581. On the high rocks at the entrance to the new harbor are the ruins of a castle which from the end of the eleventh century was the chief seat of the earls of March. It was once an important stronghold in resisting English invasion. Ed- ward I. took it in 1296. after defeating the forces under Baliol, and Edward II. fled thither after the battle of Bannockbum. It was suc- cessfully defended in a siege of six weeks against the Earl of Salisbury by Black Agnes, .Countess of Dunbar, in 1339: it sheltered Queen Mary and Bothwell in 1567, and in the same year it was destroyed by the Regent Murray. In Sep- tember, 1050, Cromwell, at the 'Race of Dimbar,' defeated the Scottish army under Leslie. DUN'BAR, Paul L.^^urexce (1872—), An American ])oet of African race, born at Day- ton, Ohio, and educated in the public schools of Dayton. He worked as a journalist in New York, and on the stall of the Congressional Library. He has appeared in public as ,a reader of his poems, which h;ive been collected under the titles of Oat and Jry (1893): Majors and ^finors (1895) ; Li/rics of LoicUj Life (1896) : Poems of Cabin and Field (1899); and Lyrics of the Flcarth Side (1899). His more mature work, when in dialect, deserves the commendation given it by W. D. Howells and others. He also wrote a volume of short stories. Folks from Dixie (1897) ; a novel. The Uncalled (1898) ; another,