Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 06.djvu/697

EATON. 607 EAU DE COLOGNE. York, 1S49) ; and a sketch in Mather's Magnalia, vol. i. (Locdon, 1702). EATON, Wli,LiAM (17G4-1SU). An Ameri- can ailvenlurer, proiniufut in the war between the L'nited States and Tripoli. He was born in 'oodstock. Conn. ; ran away from home at six- teen; joined the army and served until 17S3 : and gradnated at Dartmouth in 17'J0. In 1792 he rejoined the army as a captain, and served suc- cessively against the Shawnees in Ohio and the Seminoles in Georgia until 1708, when he was appointed American consul in Tunis. On the outbreak of the Tripolitan War in ISOl he ar- ranged with Hamet, the rightful Pasha of Trip- oli, for a combined land and naval attack upon Tripoli; but he was unable to secure the coop- eration of the Anurican naval ollicers. He then returned to the United States, in 180.3, and in April, 1804, was appointed Naval Agent of the United States for the Barbary Powers. Late in the same year he returned to northern Africa and raised a force of five hundred men, with which in March, 1805, he set out across the Libyan Desert for Derne. the second city in importance in the Tripolitan Regency. This place was captured by storm on April 27, and ■was held against three subsequent attacks on the part of the Arabs. Soon afterwards, how- ever, Tobias Lear, the United States Consul- General at Algiers, and Commodore Rodgers, commander of the United States fleet before Tripoli, concluded with the usurping Pasha, Jiissuf. a treaty which provided, among other things, for the immediate evacuation of Derne, and Eaton was thus forced to give up his cher- ished scheme of restoring Hamet and obtaining more favorable terms for the United States Gov- ernment. He accordingly returned to America in the fall of ISO.i. Consult: The Life of the Late General William Eaton (Brookfield, Mass., 181.3) ; Felton, "Life of William Eaton." in Sparks, Library of American Biography, vol. ix. Boston. 1838) ; and the brief sketch in Adams's Bisionj of the United •States from ISOl to 1817, vol. ii. (Xew York, 1889-91). EATON, Wtatt (1841-96). An American figure and portrait painter, born at Phillipsburg, Canada. He was a pupil of the National Acad- emy of Design, and afterwards studied under GfrOme at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, Paris. He was the first secretary and one of the founders of the Society of American Artists and for some years its president. Among his subject pictures are "Harvesters at Rest" and "Reverie." which attracted attention at the Paris Exposition of 187.8. But his most notable work is in por- traiture. The series of .Vmerican poets, engraved by Timothy Cole for the Century Marjazinc, es- tablished his reputation in this country. Since then the portraits of Cole himself as the "^fan with the A'iolin." and Mrs. R. W. Gilder, ex- hibited at the Paris Exposition of 1889, have made his reputation international. Eaton's sub- dued color scheme and strong, simple handling suggest the work of Millet. EATON HAIiIi. One of the famous show- places of England, the residence of the Duke of Westminster, the richest peer in England. It i.s situated on the river Dee. S'-j miles from Chester, whence a small steamer leaves daily for Eaton Hall. The hall, which is the fourth on the site, is purely modem, erected in 1870-82 by the architect Waterhouse. It is a fine specimen of neo-Gothic architecture. A well-timbered park, stocked with herds of deer, surrounds it, and gardens and terraces of much beauty are open to the visitor, as is also the stud-farm. This park is extensive, the mansion being nearly three miles from the lodge gates. Some fine paintings are exhibited in the various apart- ments, among them specimens of Rubens, Ben- jamin West, and Jlillais, EATONTON. A city and the coimty-seat of Putnam County, (ia., 90 miles west of AugusUv, on the Central of Georgia Railroad (.Map: Georgia, C 2). It is in an agricultural, fruit and cotton growing, and dairying country, and has a flourishing trade in peaches and plums. Its indtistrics include several cotton-factories. Population, in 1S90, 1682; in 1900, 1823, EAXJ CELESTE, 6 sa'lCst'. See FUNGICIDE. EAU CLAIRE, o klar. A city and county- seat of E.nu Claire County, Wis., 84 miles east of Saint Paul. Jlinn., at the junction of the Eau Claire and Chippewa rivers, and on the Wis- consin Central, the Chicago, Milwaukee and Saint Paul, and the Chicago, Saint Paul, ilinneapolis and Omaha railroads (ilap: Wisconsin, B 4). It is the leading commercial centre of this part of the State, is at the head of navigation on the Chippewa, and has good water-power in both rivers. Eau Claire is the outlet of the Chip- pewa lumber district, and its manufactures of lumber are extensive. There are also foundries, a paper-mill, linen-mill, and manufactures of furniture, refrigerators, s.ashes and doors, and shoes. The city has a public library, three pub- lic parks, fine school buildings (the high school having been erected at a cost of .9-50.000), and Sacred Heart Hospital (Roman Catholic) . Pop- ulation, in 1890. 17,415; in 1900, 17.517. EATJ CREOLE, (5 kra'ol'. A very fine liqueur, made in Martinique, by distilling the flowers of the raammee apple (ilammea Americc^na) with spirit of wine. EATT DE COLOGNE, dc ko-lon' (Fr., Cologne water). A perfume invented in northern Italy by one of the Farina family, who subsequently settled in Cologne. It is now made by a num- ber of persons bearing the original patronymic, who are residents of Cologne, as well as by per- fume-makers all over the world. It consists essentially of pure distilled alcohol with various aromatic oils so blended as to yield a refreshing and grateful odor. Various formulas have been given for the original perfume, and among these is the following, originally published in the journal of tlie North German Apothecaries' As- sociation: Dissolve 2 ounces of purified benzoin, 4 ounces of oil of lavender, and 2 ounces of oil of rosemaiy in 9 gallons of 95 per cent, alco- hol; to this solution add successively of the oils of neroli, neroli petit-grain, and lemon, each 10% ounces, and of the oils of sweet orange peel, limes, and bergamot. each 20<^ ounces, together with tincture of rose-geranium flowers, sutficient to suit the taste: macerate for several weeks and then bottle. An excellent imitation is made by taking 6 gallons of 95 per cent, alcohol, oil of orange, and oil of citron each 5 ounces, oil of neroli 4 ounces, oil of rosemary and oil of ber- gamot each 2 ounces, mix by stirring, and allow to stand until the solution is complete. It is