Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/102

GOUGE. 80 GOUJON. (185C). Consult his biography by Clarke, in Lifcs of Eminent Persons (London, 1683). GOUGE, William (1578-1G53). A Puritan diviin'. He was born at Stratford-le-Bow, Mid- dlesex, December 25, 1578; was educated at Eton and Cambridge; became preacher at Saint Anne's, Blaokfriars. London, in 1608, and continued there till his death. December VZ^ 1653. He was one of the leading members of the Presbyterian party in England, sat in the Westminster Assembly, and was prolocutor of the fir.st provincial assem- bly of London, in 1647. At college the strictness of his life gained him the name of the 'arch- Puritan.' and later he was afi'ectionatclj' known as the 'Father of the London Ministers.' As a writer he is best known by his elaborate €om- mentiir;/ on the Epistle to the Eebreus (1655), to which is prefixed a life by Thomas Gouge. GOUGH, gof, Hugh, Viscount (1779-1869). An eminent British soldier, born at Woodstone, Ireland. He joined the British Army in 1794; served at the Cape of Good Hope in 1795, and in the Peninsular War (1809-13); became a major-general in 1830; and in 1837 went to India. He conuiianded the land forces in the Opium War of 1840- 1'2, compelling the Chinese to sign the Peace of Nanking. - In 1843. as com- mander-in-chief of the forces in India, he routed the Mahrattas at Maharajpur. and for his bril- liant victories at Mudki. Firozshah, Aliwal, and Sobraon in the first Sikh Wax (1845-46) was given a peerage. In the Second Sikh War (1848- 48) he was again successful, achieving the vic- tory of Gujarat, following upon an indecisive battle at Chillianwalla ; but the hea'y losses of the English brought criticism upon him, and he was superseded by Sir Cliarles Napier. Gough was created a viscount and was pensioned in 1849. and in 186'2 became field-marshal. GOUGH, John Bartholomew (1817-86). A well-known American femperance lecturer. He was bom in Kent, England, but at the age of twelve went to America as an apprentice, and worked on a farm in Oneida County, N. Y. In 1831 he went to New York City, where he was engaged in bookbinding; but habits of dissipa- tion lost him this employment, and reduced him to that of giving recitations and singing comic songs at grog-shops. He was married in 1839; but his drunken habits reduced him to poverty and deliriinn tremens, and probably caused the death of his wife and child. A benevolent Quaker induced him. in 184'2, to take the pledge; and he attended temperance meetings and related his e.xperience with such effect as to influence many others. Some time after signing the pledge he had a short relapse into drunkenness; but an eloquent confession restored him to favor, and he lectured in various parts of America with great success. In 1853 he was engaged by the London Temperance League to lecture two years in the L^nited Kingdom, where he drew large crowds by his earnest, and. by turns, amusing and pathetic, orations. From this time onward until his death he continued to lecture, for the most part on the question of temperance, and uniformlv drew large crowds. He published: An Aiitohioijrnphy (18461: Orntions (18.54); Tern- peranee Addresses (1870) ; and i^iinlight and f^had- oiv: or. GJeanincis from Mil Life Work (1880). GOUGH, Richard (1735-1809). An Enslish antiquary, born in London, and educated &t Cambridge. He was director of the Society of Antiquaries of London from 1771 to 1797. As a result of his extensive travels, he published the works entitled: liritish Topograph}/ (1780); Hepulehral Monuments of Great Britain (1786- 99) ; History of the Society of Antiquaries (1770): A Catalogue of the Coins of Canute, with Specimens (1777); and An Essay on the Rise and Progress of Geography in Great Britain and Ireland, lllnslraled with Specimens of Our Oldest }taps (1780). Noteworthy also is his excellent edition of Camden's Britannia (2d ed. 1786), which embodies the results of explora- tions extending over a period of more than twen- ty years. GOUJON, gw'zhoN', Jean (1520 7-72?). The greatest sculptor of the Renaissance in France. He was also an architect, although, as he always worked in conjunction with great architects, it is not possible now to determine how much of the architecture of his works belongs to him. The leading quality of his work is its archi- tectonic quality — the absolute harmony which prevails between it and the architecture which it decorates. Goujon's figures show a peculiar flavor of preciosity characteristic of the period and his personality. Goujon's origin is entirely imknown. A con- tract for two columns supporting the organ of the Church of Saint-lVtaclon, at Rouen, dated August 9, 1541, bears his name, and points to Normandy as his native country. In the porch of this church are two carved wooden doors of great beauty, which are definitely in the style of Goujon, although there is no proof that they were made by him. A record of 1542 ascribes to him the statue of the Archbishop Georges II. d'Aniboise, on the monument of the Cardinal Georges I. d'Aniboise, in the Cathedral of Rouen. When the Archbishop became cardinal this statue was replaced by the present one. It has been conjectured that Goujon was employed on the monument to Louis de Breze in the cathedral. Goxijon's long association with the great archi- tect Pierre Lescot begins about 1541, when they accomplished together the restoration of the Church of Saint -Gerniain-l'Auxerrois. in Paris. Two of the bas-i'eliefs have been ])reserved in the !Museum of the Louvre. Goujon was cm- ployed in 1545-46 by the Constable de Mont- morency in the decoration of his chateau at Ecouen. The bas-reliefs of the H6tel Carnavalet are ascribed to the year 1547. Goujon erected an extraordinary logcia with fountains at the corner of the old Cemetery of the Innocents, in the Rue aux Fers. Paris. Wlien the cemetery was discontinued (June 19, 1786), this charm- ing w-ork. bas-reliefs of the nYm])hs of the French rivers, was rearranged in a public square, and is still called the Fountain of the Innocents. Probably about 1550 to 1553 Goujon was em- ployed at the chilteau of Arr^t. under Philibert de I'Orme. The fine group of Diana and a stag which decorated one of the courts of this chateau is now in the Museum of the Louvre. From 1546 until the end of his life Goujon was asso- ciated with Pierre Lescot in the construction and decoration of that portion of the Louvre which was built by Henry II. at the southwestern angle of the old Louvre quadrangle. The figures on the sides of the round windows are notable. The most beautiful and important part of his