Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/20

MANSART. MANSFIELD. built a number of othfr noted olifitcaux at Ver- sailles (1G72). The extravagance and rage of palace building which possessed the King was turned to the greatest advantage by ilansart, both as an artist and as a man of business. He accumulated an immense fortiuie, and was cov- ered with dignities and honors. The Grand Tri- anon was his work; but his most perfect design is the dome of the Church of the Invalides in Paris, which, though inferior to very many domes in size, surpasses all in the exciuisite proportions of its exterior lines. The ChAteau of -Marly, the Place Vendome, and the Place des Victoires in Paris were also designed by ilansart. HANSE. In Scotch law, the dwelling house of a minister of the Established Church. Every minister of a rural parish is entitled to a manse, which the heritors or landed proprietors are bound to build and maintain: and he is also en- titled, as part of the manse, to a stable, cow- house, and garden. The manse must, by statute. be near to the church. The amount fixed by law as the allowance for the manse has varied from time to time, and it may vary more or less, ac- cording to circumstances, but it is now usually fixed at a value of £1000. It is only the min- isters of rural parishes that are entitled to a manse, and not ministers of a royal burgh where there is no landward district. MAN'SEL, Hexby Longveville (1820-71). An Engli.^li metaphysician, born at Cosgrove, Northamptonshire. lie graduated at Saint John's College, Oxford, in 1843. and in 1855 was appointed reader in moral and metaphysical philosophy in JIagdalen College. In 1859 he be- came Vaynllele professor, and in lS(iO received the appointment of professor of ecclesiastical history. He belongs to tiie school of Sir W. Hamilton, whose lectures he edited (1859) with the assistance of Professor Veitch. He was xyell versed in the erudition of metaphysical philos- ophy, and wrote in a clear and elegant style. The best known of his publications is his Hampton Lectures ( 18.")S-59 and ISCT) on "The Limits of Religious Thought." in which, applying the idea developed in Hamilton's articles, "The Philos- ophy of the Unconditioned," he maintained that any attempt to arrive at an idea of the Absolute through the categories of substance or cause is attended by insurmountable didiculties. It> was urged by many that the work, though purport- ing to be theistic, was really agnostic, and Spen- cer asserted (in the prospectus to his Ki/nllietic I'hiinxdphii. IS(iO) that he was merely working out "the doctrine put into shape by Haniilt'in .niid Mansel." Controversies resulted between Maiisel and F. 1). Maurice and (Joldwin .Smith, and Man- sel characterized his opponents' statements as misrepresentations. His further works include: Prolcijomena Jjogica (1851). in exposition of the science as a formal one: The I'hilosophi/ of the Conditioned (18fiG); and The Gnostic [leresies of the Iirst and Hreond Cenlurt/ (1875; edited by Dr. Light foot, with sketch liy Lord Carnar- von). Consult the sketch referred to; also, Biirgon, Ijivcs of Twelve Good Men (London, 1888 t. MANSFELD, miinsffelt, Ernst. Count (1580- 1620). . (Icrman soldier. He was the illegiti- mate son of 1'eter Ernst, Count of Man-ifcM. and was educated by his godfather, .rchduke Ernst of Austria. In return for vahialile military ser- vices under Kudolph II. he was legitimized by Imperial decree. The title and estates of his father were, however, withheld from him. and in revenge he joined the enemies of Austria in the Thirty Years' War as a stanch Protestant cham- pion. He fought gallantly in Bohemia and on the Rhine for the Elector Palatine. His efl'orts failed, but brought him great renown. In 1625, aided by English and French subsidies, he again attacked Austria. Wallenstcin met and over- came his force at Dessau. A])ril. iri2(). JIansfeld was driven from the field and died in Dalmatia before the close of the year. MANS'FIELD. A market-town in Xotting- hamshire, England, 14 miles north of Notting- ham, surrounded bv the remains of the ancient forest of Sherwood" (Map: England, E 3). The town is regularly built and has a grammar school founded in 1501, twelve almshouses founded in 1693. and other charitable institutions. Its pub- lic buildings include a town hall and municipal otBces, a mechanics' institute, free library and isolation hospital, and it owns water, gas, mar- kets, bath and pleasure grounds. It stands in the centre of a large manufacturing and mining district. Silk, cotton, and doubling mills are in operation, and it also carries on bootmaking, iron-founding, and an important trade in cattle and agricultural produce. Population, in 1891, 15,900; in IdOl, 21,400. MANSFIELD. A city and the county-seat of Richland County, Ohio. 80 miles southwest of Cleveland; on the Baltimore and Ohio, the Erie, and the Pennsylvania railroads, and interurban lines connecting with two points on the l'>ig Four system (Map: Ohio. E 4). It has the Ohio State Reformatory, a memorial soldiers' and sailors' building, a public library with about 11.000 vol- umes, and Sherman-IIeineman Park of 40 acres. The city is an important trade centre for the adjacent agricultural country, and is noted for its manufactures, which include threshing ma- chines, boilers, engines, engine fittings and brass goods, stoves, pumps, buggies, street c;irs. cigiirs, webbing and suspenders, electrical and electric railway supplies, etc. Mansfield is governed under a revised charter of 1857 which ])rovides for a mayor, elected biennially, a city coimcil, and administrative officials of whom the water- works trustees and bo.ird of education are chosen by popular vote. The water-works are owned and operated by the nuinicipality ; also a large sewage and garbage disposal plant. Settled in 1808. Mansfield was first incorporated in 1828. It was the home of .John Slicrnian (q.v.). Popu- lation, in 1.890. 13.473; in 1900, 17,640. MANSFIELD. A borough in Tioga County, Pa., 13 miles east by north of Wellsboro, the countv-seat ; on the Tioga River, and on the Erie Railroad (Map: Pennsylvania. D 2). It is the seat of a State normal school with a library of over 5000 volumes, and has a public library of 2000 volumes. The annual county fair is held here in a beautiful park. Mansfield is the centre of a farming region, and there are various manufactures. Population, in 1890, 1762; in 1900. 1847. MANSFIELD, Moint. The highest peak of the (Jrecn Moiuitains in the State of Vermont, situal<'d in the northwestern part of the State, 20 miles east of Burlington (Map: Vermont, D 3). It rises 3000 feet above the surrounding