Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/225

MATZNER. 197 MAULE. MATZNER, mgts'ner, Ediard Adolf Ferdi- nand (1805-92). A Gi-rmau philologist, born at Rostock, and educated there, at (ireifswald. and Heidelberg. He taught in gymnasia at Berlin and Bromberg and in the famous Luisenschule in Berlin (1838-02). His earlier laViors included editions of Lyeurgus (1830), Antiphon (1838), and Dinarcluis (1842); but he is better known for liis contributions to Englisli and Romance pliilology. He wrote: Syntax dcr neujranzosiscJien tSpniche (1843-45); Altfranzbsisclie Lieder (1853); Fraiizosische Oraminalik (185G; 3d ed. 1884) ; a very valuable Englische (J rammatik (1860-65; 3d ed. 1880-85); and Altenglische Simichprohcn (1867-G9; with a partial vocabu- lary, to M, 1872). MATZOON'. Milk in whieli lactic acid fer- nic-ntation lias been alkiwed to proceed only to a certain point, differing in this way from sour milk. It is often tolerated by irrital)le stomachs which will not retain milk, or other fermented milk foods, as koumiss or kefir. It may be pre- pared by boiling milk and letting it cool to 100° F. A small amount of previously prepared mat- zoon is then added and the mixture kept in a warm room for twelve hours; it is then placed on ice. MAUBEUGE, mo'bezh'. A fortified town of France, in the Department of Nord, on both banks of the river Sambre. It is well built and important from a military point of view. It has manufactures of iron bars, hardware, and marble. The town has an arsenal, several old convents, a museum, and a public library. Popu- lation, in 1901, 20,826. MAUCH, mouK, Karl (1837-75). A German traveler and African exploiter, born at Stetten, Wiirttemberg. He went to South Africa in 1863, traveled through the Transvaal, anil made an ex- cellent map of it; discovered valuable gold fields in 1867, explored the diamond fields in 1870 and 1871, and in the latter year discovered the ruined city of Zimbabwe, in Mashonaland, which he identified with biblical Ophir. He wrote llcisrn im Iiuicrn ron Siidafrika, 1SG5-72 (1874), and contributions to Petermanns Mitteilunqen. Con- sult the biogra])hy by :Mager (Stuttgart, 1895). MAUCH CHUNK, nijik chunk. A borough and the county-seat of Carbon County. Pa.. 46 miles west by north of Easton, on the Lehigh Eiver, the Lehigh Canal, and the Lehigh Valley and Central of New Jersey railroads (Map: Pennsylvania, F 3). This town marks the pas- sage of the river through precipitous mmintains, and forms the eastern extremity of a highly pro- ductive anthracite region. Its elevated situation on the side of the mountain, from the Indian name of which it Is named, and its picturesque surroundings, with a healthful climate, cause it to be nuich frequented as a summer resort. ine miles west by south of the village are the Summit Hill coal mines, which are celebrated as among the richest in the State. Another feature of interest here is a burning mine. The coal was fonncrly carried by means of a gravity railroad, called the 'Switchback,' to llauch Chunk, the cars returning by a similar road to the mines. This road is now used for tourists and exciirsions only, and the coal is transported through a tunnel. Mount Pisgah and Mount .TefTerson, both ascended by the road mentioned, Prospect Rock, and Flag- staff Peak, are points from which can be gained a magnificent view of the Leliigh Valley. Glen Onoko is another attractive place of resort, two miles distant. The borough has a public library, the Dimmick Memorial Liiirarv. and a Y. M. C. A. building. Its business interests lie in a very extensive coal trade, and there are also foundries and machine shops. The government is admin- istered by a mayor, elected every three years, and a imicameral council. Mauch Chunk waa founded in 1818 by the Lehigh Coal and Naviga- tion Company, and rapidly became a coal-mining centre. In 1850 it was incorporated as a bor- ough. Population, in 1890, 4101; in 1900, 4029. MAUCHLINE, mas'lin. A town in Ayrshire, Scotland, on the Ayr, surrounded by a pic- turesque country, and famous in connection with Robert Burns, wlio, during fourteen years, lived at the farm of Jlossgiel, about a mile and a half to the north (Map: Scotland, D 4). The scenes of some of his most admired lyrics are in the neighborhood ; the cottage of 'Poosie Nancy,' the- atre of the 'Jolly Beggars,' and Mauchline Kirk, the scene of the 'Holy Fair,' are in the town. Population, in 1901, of civil parish, 2572. MAUD MULLER. A poem by John G. Whit- tier which appeared in the Sational Era, Decem- ber, 1854. The ballad tells the unrealized ro- mance of a beautiful rustic maiden and an am- bitious judge. MAUDSLEY, madz'li, Henry (1835—). An English alienist and psychologist, born at Gigles- wick, Yorkshire, February 6, 1835. He studied at the University of London, where he graduated in medicine in 1857. From 1859 to 1862 he was in service as a physician at the insane asylum, Manchester, and from 1S69 to 1879 was professor of medical jurisprudence at University College, London, and consulting physician to the West London Hospital. He was made a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1869, and chosen Gulstonian lecturer to that body in 1870. He edited the Joiinud of iloifal Science from 1863 to 1878. Edinburgh gave him the degree of LL.D. in 1884. His best known works are: Phijsiology and Pailwloiji/ of the Mind (1867); Lectures' on Body and Mind (1870) ; Responsibil- ity in Mental Disease, in the "International Scientific Series" (1874) ; The Patholofiy of Mind (1882) : The Physiology of Mind (1883) ; Body and Will (1883); Natural Causes^ and Super- natural Seemings (1880). MAUI, ma'oo-f. One of the Hawaiian Isl- ands ( q.v ) . MAULDE LA CLAVIERE, mflld la kla'- vyar'. ilARiE Alphoxse Renk he (1848 — ). A French historian, born at Nibelle, Loii-et. He studied law and entered upon an administrative career, but after holding a nundjer of offices re- signed and devoted himself to historical work. Among his publications are: Jeanne de France, duchesse d'Orleans et de Berry, ^'/fl.}--' 505 (1883) ; muiX Histoire de Louis XII. (1890). MAUXE, mou'la. A river of Chile, rising in the Andes. After flowing 140 miles in a westerly direction it empties into the Pacific Ocean about 100 miles north of Concepcion. and near Consti- tucion (Map: Cliile. C 11). It is navigable for 52 miles for small craft. It formed the northern boundary of the territory of the Araucanians.