Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/247

MAYNABD. 219 MAYNOOTH. nerve cavity of teeth with gold foil, including the nerve canals in molar and bicuspid teetli ; and seven years later iutroiluced the system into Europe. He became a member of the faculty of the iiallimore College of Dental [Surgery, and of the National University of Washington. His first ini])ortaut mechanical invention in the con- structiou of firearms dates from 1845, in which year he jiatented a system of priming for fire- arms, which practically superseded the percussion cap. The L lilted States Uovernment bought the right of use and manufactured nearly 60,000 rifles employing the new principle of ignition. Germany and one or two other Eu- ropean powers also adopted his inventions in part, fii 18.51 he patented a breech-load- ing ride, afterwards known as the llaynard rille, and five years afterwards adapted it to the use of the metallic cartridge, also an inven- tion of his. Ill 1800 he patented a method of con- verting muzzle-loaders into breech-loaders. Other important inventions in firearms were a method of joining together two rifle or shot barrels, which permitted the expansion or contraction of one barrel independently of the other (1808); an invention invaluable to sportsmen, and a mechanism for indicating at any time the num- ber of cartridges in the magazine of a repeating ritle (1880). He was granted the Great JNIedal of Merit of Sweden and was appointed chevalier of the military order of the Red Eagle of Russia. MAYNABD, Geokce Willougiibt (1843—). An American portrait and figure painter, son of Edward .Mayiiard, born in Washington, D. C. He was a pupil of the Royal Academy at Antwerp, and in 1S7S oi)eiied a studio in Paris; later he settled in New York Citj-. He was elected mem- ber of the National Academy of Design in 1885, and is also member of the Society of American Artists and of the American Water-Color Society. In 1S84 he received a medal at the Pennsjdvania Academy, ilaynard was one of the earlv painters to devote himself to decorative painting, and his work may be seen in private houses and hotels of Kew York City, in the Congressional Library at ^A'ashing1on, D. C, and in the Appellate Court of Xew York City. Among bis works are: "Ves- pers at Antwerp" and "1776," sent to the Cen- tennial Exhibition of 1870; "Water Carriers of Ciiiee" (1878): ".Musical Memories;" "Vene- tian Court;" "An Ancient JIariner" (188.3); "Aurora:" "Old and Rare;" and "Strange Gods:" also portraits of Frank Millet and of his father, and a portrait of a child. MAYNARD, Hor.ce (1814-82). An Ameri- can politician, born in Westboro. Slass. He graduated at Amherst College in 1838, and short- ly afterwards removed to Knoxville, Tenn.. where for some years he was a tutor and then professor of mathematics and natural history in the East Tennessee College. In 1845 he became a lawyer, and in 1857 was elected by the 'Americans' to Congress, where he continued to sit until 1803. I.ike . drew .lohnson, W. G. lirownlow. and others, Maynard strove hard but unsuccessfully to keep Tennessee in the Union, and because of his loyalty suffered loss of property and exile. He was again a Representative in Congress from 1800 to 1875. was Alinister to Russia from 1875 to ISSfl. ami was Postmaster-General in President Haves's Cabinet from August, 1880, to March, 1881. Vol. XIII.— 16. MAYNAED, Sir Joiix (1002-90). An Eng- lish constitutional lawyer. He was born at 'I<iv- istock, England, and was educated at Exeter Col- lege, Oxford. After the regular course of study in the Middle Temple lie was called to the bar in 1020; he had been elected a member of Parlia- ment in the previous year. He was subsequently made a scrgeant-at-law and King's sergeant, but declined the place on the bench ofl'ered him by Charles II. in 1000. While an advocate for in- creasing the power of the people, he never con- curred in the extreme views taken by the radical republicans, and, although an earnest Presby- terian, stood aloof from the fanaticism of many in his party. He was active in the prosecution of Strafl'ord and Laud, but opposed the arbitrary power assumed by the army, and Cromwell's evi- dent intention of making himself King in fact, if not in name; for the position he took in this respect he was twice imprisoned in the Tower of London by order of the Protector. At the Restoration, the honor of knighthood was con- ferred upon him by Charles II.; his political course under that monarch was judicious and conservative. In the time of the revolution and the accession of William and Mary, he showed ability, notably in the great conference held be- tween the House of Lords and the Commons in regard to the abdication of .lames II., a measure which he strenuously advocated. In the same year, 1080, he was made a commissioner of the Great Seal. A number of his political speeches and legal decisions have been printed in various collections. His manuscript collections in eighty- seven volumes are preserved in Lincoln's Inn Library. He died at Gunnersbury Manor. MAYNE, .Jasper (1004-72). An English dramatist and divine, educated at Westminster School, and at Christ Church, Oxford (B.A. 1028; M.A. 1031). While at the university he wrote considerable occasional verse. To him has been ascribed the beautiful eulogy signed I. JI. S. prefixed to the second folio of Shakespeare's works (1632). He afterwards wrote verses in honor of Ben Jonson and Beaumont and Fletcher. His two plays are the Cili/ Match, a comedy (printed 1039), and The Amorous War (printed 1648). a tragicomedy, containing the quaint lyric begin- ning "Time is a feathered thing" (reprinted in The Oxford Book of English Verse. A. T. Quiller- Couch. Oxford, 1900). In 1038 he began a trans- lation of Lueian's Dialogues (printed 1604). af- terwards completed by Francis Hicks ; and for Donne's Paradoxes (1652). he translated several Latin epigrams. During the civil war he lived mostly at Oxford, where he frequently preached before the King. After the Restoration he was appointed a canon of Christ Church, and Arch- deacon of Chichester. He died at Oxford. De- cember 6, 1672. MAY'NOOTH. A villace of Kildare. Ireland, a short distance Avest of Dublin, having a popula- tion of less than a thousand. It was the seat of the Gcraldines. the ruins of whose castle remain. It was of importance in the reliellions of the Iri^h in the reign of Henry VIII. , and in the time of the civil wars and the Commonwealth. It is chiefly known now as the site of the Roman Catholic ()llege of Saint Patrick. There have been 000 students in attendnnce, all candidates for the priesthood, and more than half supported by funds for that purpose.