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MENNONITES. 321 MENSHIKOFF. The larger !Mfnnonite Inanclics have in recent years displayed iiioreascd activity in missionary enterprise, in consequence of which they have enjoyed a greater relative prosperity. A general tendency has been observed toward a closer draw- ing together of the ditl'erent branches. This was e.xeniplilied in an eti'ort which was made in 1808 to secure the liolding of a General Conference of the ilennonite and Amish district conferences, and in the coiiperation of all the bodies with the lloine and Foreign Relief Commission at KlU- hart, for famine relief in India, for the education of the famine orphans, and for the support of the missionaries among them. BiBUOuR.pnv. Periodicals: Mennonitische Rundschau, weekly (Elkhart, Ind.) ; Herald of Truth, semi-monthly (ib.) ; Christ licher liundcu- hotc. weekly (Berne. Ind.): Gemeindcsbote iind M'aisenhcirn, monthly (Hillsboro, Kan.) ; Zians Bote, weekly (Jledford, Okla.) : the Mennoiiite, monthly (Quakertown, Pa.). The anspel Banner, weekly, and the Evangeliums Panier. semi- monthly (Berlin, Ontario), represent the Jlen- iionite Brethren in Christ. Literature: Blau- pet ten Cate, Geschiedeniss der Doopsgezinden (Amsterdam, 1839-47) ; Starck. Geschichte der Taufe und der Taufgeshuiten (Leipzig, 1789) ; Brons, Ursprung, Entivickehing und Sehicksale der Taufgesinnten (•2d ed., Norden, 1891). Con- .sult also the article "ilcnnoniten," by Hauck, in the Hauek-Herzog Reulenri/clopadie. vol. x., which has full biI)liography. In Knglish. con- sult: .Menno Simons's complete works, and The ilrmmniles: Their History, F<ii1h, and Practice, published bv the Jlennonite Publishing House, at Klkhart. Iiid. : Martin, The Mennonites (Phila- delphia, 1883) ; Krehbiel, The History of the Gen- eral Conference of Mennonites of Xorth America (Saint Louis. 189.5) ; Pennypacker. Historical and Geographical Sketches (Philadelphia. 1883). the first half of which relates to the history of the Jlennonites ; Richardson, "A Day with the Pennsvlvania Amish," in the Outlook, vol. Ixi. (1899'), pp. 781-8(3. MEN'OBRAN'CHUS. A genus of large newts, of the family Proteida>, represented in the United States only by the mud-puppy (q.v. ). MENOMINEE, me-noml-ne (Wild-rice men, so called because of their great use of the wild rice which grows abundaiitly in their country). A consideraljle Algonquian tribe. formerly ranging over northern Wisconsin and the adjacent Upper Michigan, chiefly along the river of the same name, and now gathered with the Stockbridge upon a reservation near Green Bay, Wis. In their general characteristics they resemble the Ojibwa, but they speak a distinct hmguage. French missionaries established a mission among them in 1070, and they remained faithful to the French interest vmtil the end. They aided the English in the Revolution and in the War of 1812, and fought under Tccumsch during the latter struggle. In 1822 they were estimated at 3900. In 1901 they numbered 1390, nearly all civilized and Catholic, ami about one-half being able to read and write. MENOMINEE. A city and the county-seat of Mi'iinmince County, Jlich., 52 miles northeast of Green Bay. Wis., and opposite Marinette, Wis., with which it is connected by tliree bridges. It is situated on Green Bay, at the mouth of the Menominee River, and on the Chicago and North- western, the Chicago, Milvaul<ee and Saint Paul, and the Wisconsin and Michigan railroads (Map: iliehigan, F 3 ) . It is also the western terminus of the car ferry of the Ann Arbor Railroad. One of the greatest lumber-slii])ping ports in the United States, ilenominee has numerous saw and planing mills with a large output, and manufactories of electrical appliances, telephones, shoes, paper, steam boilers, heavy machinery, boxes, beet sugar, etc. The city possesses a public lilirary of about 4500 volumes and a fine higli school building, Menominee, first incorporated in 1883, is gov- erned under a charter of 1891 which provides for a mayor, chosen annually, and a unicameral council which elects most of the administrative officials, only the supervisor, city treasurer, and justice of the peace being chosen by popular election. Louis Chappieu, a trader, settled here in 1799: but the city really dates from 1832, when the first mill was built here. Population, in 1890, 10.(!.'50: in 1900, 12,818. MENOMINEE. A city and the county-seat of Dunn tounty. Wis., 70 miles east of Saint Paul. Minn. ; on the Red Cedar River, and on the Chicago, Milwaukee and Saint Paul, and the Chicago, Saint Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha railroads (Map: Wisconsin, B 4), It has a fine memorial libraiy of SOOO volumes, and the Stout Manual Training School and a normal ti-aining school. The Dunn County Asylum is near the city. The industrial interests are rep- resented by brick yards, lumber mills, foundries and machine shops, carriage and wagon works, etc. : and the commercial interests by a large trade in lumber, brick, flour, wheat, and fur. Population, in 1890, 5491; in 1900, 5655. MEN'OPOME. The hellbender (q.v.). MENPES, men'pes. Mortimer i ?— ) . An Eng- lish artist, born in Soutli Australia. He was educated at Port Adelaide and went to London when nineteen years old. There he studied at South Kensington, and then went to Pont Aven in Brittany, where he remained three years. In 1880 some of his etchings were exhibited at the Royal Academy, and in 1885 he became a mem- ber of the Society of Britisl Artists. Two years afterwards he went to .Japan, and in 1888 he ex- hibited his Japanese drawings and pictures at Dowdeswell's in London. He invented a process of painting in water color by which he attained uncommon brilliancy of efl'ect, and he is particu- larly successful in this medium. His large dry- point, "The Officers of the Archers of Saint Adri- an," after Hals, was succeeded by a series of etchings which include the brilli;int studies of Whistler in dift'erent positions. He also revived the art of painting in color from etclied plates. In later years he turned his attention to por- traiture on a small scale, where his skill as a draughtsman, his deft liandling of color, and his individual style were elVectivcly sliown. MENSHIKOFF, or MENTCHIKOFF. men'- shT-kof. Alexander Daxilovitch (1072-1729. or 1730), A Russian field-marshal and Minister of State. He was born at Jloseow. Xovember Ifi, 1072, in humble circumstances, and was a baker's apprentice. His intelligent countenance attracted the notice of General Lcfort, through whose patronage he was taken into the service of Peter the Great, He discovered a conspiracy among the Streltsi (q,v.) and his rapid promotion was se- cured. He accompanied Peter in his travels to