Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/522

MIEROSLAWSKI. 470 MIGNARD. the general revolutionary movement of 184S. Alter lighting in I'osen, Mieroslawski resigned his commaml in the face of ultimate defeat. In 1849 he participated in the revolutioniiry movement in !Sicily. and after resigning his command placed himself at the head of the revolutionary army in Baden, but eventually retired to Paris. His last appearance as a revolutionist was in Poland in lS(i3, and, after the failure of that attempt, he spent the last years of his life writing political pamphlets. He died in Paris, Xovember 23, 1878. MIFFLIN, KoRT. See Fokt JIifflin. MIFFLIN, Lloyd (1846—). An American poet, horn in Columbia, Pa. His father was J. Houston ^MitHin, a portrait painter and writer of verse. Some of his highly polislied sonnets cele- brate the beauties of liis birthplace. These son- nets have gradually won their author recognition as a genuine poet. The following are his prin- cipal volumes of verse: The Hills (18i>.5) ; At the Gates of tiony (1897); TIic .Slopes of Helicon, and Other Poems (1898) : Eehoes of Greek Idyls (1899) : paraphrases in sonnets from Bion, Mos- chus. and Bacchylides : and The Fields of Dawn and Later Sonne'ts (1900). MIF'FLIN, Thomas (1744-1800). An Ameri- can soldier and statesman. He was born at Philadelphia, of Quaker parentage. He gradu- ated at Philadelphia College in 1700, was a mem- ber of the Pennsylvania Legislature in 1772 and 1773, and in 1774 was sent as a delegate to the Continental Congress. Entering the army as a major in 1775, he became Washington's first aide-de-camp with the rank of colonel; was made quartermaster-general in August, 177.5: and linally (February 19, 1777) was promoted to the rank of major-general and appointed a member of the Board of War. During the retreat from Long Island, he commanded the covering party, and afterwards rendered valuable service by rousing the jK-ople to enlist, bringing essential aid to General Washington before the battles of Trenton and Princeton. Becoming dissatisfied with Washington's management of the war, he intrigued for his removal, forming with Conway and others the so-called 'Conway Cabal' (q.v.), on the failure of which he was replaced (^larch, 1778) by Xathanael Greene as quartermaster- general, and in October, 1778. was removed from the Board of War. He was elected to Congress in 1782, and became its president the following year. He was a member and Speaker of the Pennsylvania State Legislature in 178.5. and a delegate to the Constitutional Convention ' of 1787. I'roni 1788 to 1790 lie was president of the Kxecutive Council of Pennsylvania, and from 1790 to 1799 was Governor of the State. Con- sult Simpson, KminenI Pliilailelphians (18.59). MIFFLIN, W.VRNKR (174.598). An American reformer, cousin of General ^lifTlin. He was born of Quaker parentage in Aecomac County. Va. While a mere boy. he became impressed with the Avrong of slavery, and about 1774 freed all liis slaves and gave them compensation for past serv- ices. From that time forward he traveled about frequently to the various meetings of his sect, and did nuich to create a sentiment against slav- ery among his fellow Quakers. His religious principles led him to oppose the Revolutionary War, and at the request of the Yearly fleeting at Philadelphia he visited both Howe and Wash- ington in order to point out the wickedness of the struggle. Mifflin is perhaps best remembered for having in November, 1792, presented to Congress a memorial against slavery which resulted in a spirited debate over the question of the right of petition. MI&'DOL. A place in Fgjpt mentioned in E.xodus xiv. 2, Ezekiel xxix. 10 (Authorized Ver- sion, margin), Jeremiah xliv. 1. The name is identical with the llelircw midyaal, 'tower,' 'castle.' As an appellation it occurs in Egyptian inscriptions as early as the fourteenth century B.C. The exact location of the iligdol referred to in the story of the Exodus is uncertain, and it is impossible to detei'mine whether the same place is meant in Ezekiel and Jeremiah. A ilaktal is spoken of in Papyrus Anastasi v. 20 as the 'watchtower of Seti,' and this appears to have been somewhat south of Taku. which may be the Succolh of Exodus. But neither of these places can be identitied. From Ezekiel xxix. 10 it is evident that a locality in the extreme north of Egypt is intended, as it is contrasted with Syene in the extreme south. In Jeremiah xliv. 1 it is mentioned in connection with Tahpanhes (Daphnie) and Noph (Memphis), and in Jere- miah xlvi. 9 as a place inhabited by exiled Jews. MIGNARD, me'nyar', Nicolas (1600-68). A French painter and engraver, born at Troyes. He went to Rome in the suite of the Archbishop of Lyons, and there engraved a number of the pictures of Annibale Carracci. On his return to France he settled at Avignon where he lived until ICfiO. Thus he is often called Mignard of Avignon to distinguish him from his famous brotlicr, Mignard the 'Roman.' Through Car- dinal Mazarin. the painter was presented to Louis XIV. and painted the portrait of that King, and of many of his courtiers. In 1003 he became professor in the Academy of Painting. He decorated the lower floor of the Tuileries. and also made two religi<nis pictures for the Char- treuse of Grenoble and a few etchings. MIGNARD, Pierre (1012-9.5). A French portrait and historical painter, a brother of Nicholas iliguard. He was born at Troyes, studie<l under .Jean Boucher in Bourges and Simon ^'ouet in Paris, and resided for twenty- two years in Italy, where he was much in- fluenced by the works of Annibale Carracci. At Rome he painted the portraits of Pope Alexander VII. and many of the Roman no- bility, and at Venice many Venetian nobles. Tn 10.57 he was summoned bj' Louis XIV. to Paris, where he paint<'d the King's portrait and that of Cardinal Mazarin. In 1004 he deco- rated the cupola of the Church of Val-dcGrAce, Paris, where he rc|)resented a colossal Paradise with two hundred figures, some of which are three times the size of life. This is the most ambitious fresco decoration in France, hut the color has sufTered nuich from time. He also painted decorations in the palace of Versailles. He was famous in Paris as the leader of the op- position against Ix" Mrun and the Academy, but ipon the hitter's death in 1090 he fell heir to nil his positions. He was made director of the Go- belins, and was elected director of the .cadeniy. He died in Paris. .May .10. 109.5. Mignard was the leading French portrait paint- er of the seventeenth century. His other pictures are rather cold and conventional, but his color- ing, derived from the Venetians, is good. The