Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/564

MILLENNIUM. 510 MILLER. conceptions of eaily Christianity and cannot readily find tlic Scriptural support that it de- mands. The distinction between prc-millenuian- ism and post-millennianism is rapidly losing its significance, as modern theology has a tendency to look upon the primitive Christian expectation of the return of Jesus as an illusion, historically necessary, but not of jiermauent worth ; to consider the absolute Aictory of one system of religious faith and practice less desirable than the ascend- ency of what is morally most excellent in all creeds an<l cults : and to cx])ect a gradual im- provement of the social conditions and the char- acter of the human race to be wrought by actu- ally operating forces. 15iBU0GR.i'HT. Consult : Calixtus, De Chilias- mo cum Antii/uo liiin Pridem ^'enato (Helnistcdt, 1692) ; Corrodi, Kritixche Geschichte des Chilias- mus (Zurich, 17S1); Drummond, The Jewish Messiah (],ondon, 1S77); Stanton, The Jeinsh and Christian Messiah (Edinburgh,' 1886); Charles, ^1 Critical His.tory of tlic Doctrine of ike Future Life (London, 1899) ; Suderblom, La ■vie future iluns le niazdaisme (Paris, lllOl); Weber, Jiidische Theotogie aiif G-ruml des Talmud (Leipzig, 1897) ; Otto, in Zcitschrift fiir wissen- schaftlichc Theoloffie (Leipzig. 1S77) ; Schultz. in Jahrbiicher fiir deutsche Theoloyie (Gotha, 18G0) ; !Mede, Claris Apocalyptica (London, 1627) ; Jurieu, L'accompUsscment des prophdties (Rotterdam, lOSCi); Comcnius, Lux in Tenebris (Rotterdam, 16.37); Xewton, Dissertations on the Frophceies (London. 17.5.5); Elliott, Horw Apocalyptical (London, 1862) : Hofmann, ll'eis- sayunff and Erfiillung ( Niirdlingen, 1841-44) ; Auberlen, Daniel und die Offcnhurung Johunnis (."id ed., Basel, 1874) ; Lutl^ardt, Lehre von den letxlen Dingen (Leipzig, 1870) ; Bonar, Prophet- ical Landmarks (London. 18.59) ; Seiss, The Last Times (2d ed., Philadelphia, 1878) : Guinness, The Approaching End of the Age (London. 1879- 80) ; Salmond. Christian Doctrine of Immortal- ity (^A ed.. Ediidnirgh, 18971; Terry, liihlical Apocalyptics ( Xi'W York. 1898); Schiirer, His- tory of the Jcn^ish People in the Time of Jesus Christ (Eng. trans.. Edinburgh. 1886-90). See E.scn.TOLoc;y; .T(i)r.ME>'T, Final; Rksi'brection. MIL'LEPORE (from Lat. mille, thousand + ■jiorus. j)a»agc. jiorc). A coral-fnrniing liydroid, of the order Hydrocorallina, so named from the numerous minute jjores or calicles dotting its surface, which are arranged in irregular circular groups. As the single animal is microscopic, and as it grows in conijiound coral-like masses on reefs in tropical seas, it was at first con- founded with the corals, but was eliminated from the corals first by L. Agassiz and afterwards by Moseley. The animal is not a coral-polyp, lieing allied rather to Hydra, and especially to llydraclinia and f'lava. comm<ni on northern coasts. The coral-stocks form irregular branching masses, several inches high, and sometimes a foot or more broad. The mass of (he coral incrusta- tion consist-, of fibres (canals or tubes) traversed in all directions liy tortuous spaces forming reg- ular brancblns systems, like a tree, in which Millcpora dilVcrs from the coral-stocks (coralla). The animals are of two kinds. Those inhaliiting the central cup or pore are short thick zoiiids. (See Polymorphism.) These are (he 'feelers' — they take in (he food. The zoiiids in the smaller, outer pores of the circle are the reproductive zor.ids. That Jlillcpora is a true hydroid is jiroved by the coral-stock being at the base pro- vided with canals by which the several zoiiids are kept in union with one another by the form of the zoiiids themselves, by the absence of all trace of mesenteries (which ciiaracterize coral polyps), and by the presence of thread-cells (see Xema- MII.LEPOIIE. Animal of MlUeponi nodosa, a, nutritive zoiiid ; h, rt-- productive zooid ; c. lasso-cell ; it, the same coiled np in its cell ; e, a third form, (.ill highly magiiifled.) TOCVST) of the form pectiliar to hydroids. Fi- nally, the position of JIille])ora as a hydroid has been satisfactorily settled by the discovery, by Duerdcn in 1899. in .Jamaica, of frceswiniming female meduste. (See Hyorozoa.) Gur Floridian and West Indian species is Millrpora utoicornis. Consult articles by L. Agassiz. .Vloseley, Duerden (Xaturc. Decenibe'r 28, 1899. p. 213. and Novem- ber 29, 1900. p. 112). MIL'LER, Alfueh J.^cob (1810-74). An American portrait, figure, and landscape painter, born in l!a!tim(n-c. He studieil under Thomas Sully, and in Paris and Italy. He made several sketches when in the Rocky Mountains in 1837 with Sir William Urummond Stewart, which are of value. The originals are in Murthlcy Castle, and there are rc]dicas in water color in the Walters collection in Baltimore. The remainder of his life was spent principally in Baltimore, where he painted many portraits. He also copied the old liiasters with some success. MILLER, Charles Hexry (1842—). An American painter, born in Xew York City. He first studied to be a physician,, but his love of art made him give np this profession, and after studying in Yienna. Berlin, and other cities he went to Munich in 1867 and became a pupil of Lier, and a student in the Royal Bavarian Acad- emy. Afterwards he went to live in Ni'W York City, where he was made an .eadcmician in 1S7.5 and one of the first members of the Society of American Artists. His landsia])es are generally taken from Long Island scenery: among these may be mentioned "Sunset, East Hampton" (1878). Other fine works are "Old Oaks at Crecdmoor." and "High Bri<lge. New York." He wrote The Philosophy of Art in America (188.5) under the pen name of Carl de Muldor. MILLER. CiNTixxATfs Heine, better known as .loAijiiN Miller (1841 — ). An .meriean au- thor, born in the Wabash nistricf. Indiana. o- vember 10. 1841. In 18.54 his parents took him to Oregon. Later he became a miner in Cali-