Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/767

MOLINE. 689 MOLINOS. Qiiiucy. lloline derives excellent water jiower from the river, which is here dainnied from the shore to the midriver island, an advantage which has contributed to iloline's importance as an industrial centre. Coal is mined in the vicinity. There are manufactorie.s of steel, elevator and milling machinery, scales, pianos, organs, plows, furniture, carriages and wagons, steam-engines, sow- and planing-mill products, foundry and ma- chine shop products, paper, and pinups; and the trade is extensive in machinery, farming imple- ments, grain, lumber, etc. ]ioline has a high- school library and a public library, the latter, which was founded in 1872. now containing about !nlliu volumes. A public library building to cost .'<.")0.000 is (1903) in course of construction and there is a new, well-equippeil city hospital. The ■ttater-works are owned and operated bv the mu- nicipalitv. Population, in 18!)0, 12.000'; in 1000. 17.248. MOLINET, mo'le'na', Jean (?-1507). A French poet and trouliadour. He was a canon of the College Church of J'alencicnnes. chronicler of the House of Burgiuuly. and librarian to Mar- garet of Austria, then regent of the Low Coun- tries, ilolinet was one of the 'grands rlieto- riqueurs'; his poetry is pedantic, heavy, and complicated in rhythm, and his prose full of Latinisms, while both are replete with astonish- ing puerilities. A volume of his poems was jninted in 1531, and his chronicles were pub- lished by Buchon in 1828. He also made a prose translation of the Roman de la rose( 1503) . MO'IilNISM. The name commonly applied to tile doctrine of Molina (q.v. ) on the relation between divine grace and the will of man. The problem which it is meant to solve is as old as the fourth century, when it led to the well-known Pelagian controversy. (See Pei^vgianism. ) In reconciling with the freedom of man's will the predestination of the elect to happiness and of the reprobate to punishment, Molina asserts that this predestination is consequent on God's foreknowl- edge of the free determination of man's will, and tliat therefore it in no way aflecls the freedom of the particular actions. Accordingly, God gives to all men sufficient grace to enable them to live vir- tuously and merit happiness; certain individuals freely correspond to this grace, while others resist it; (Jod foresees both courses and on them founds His decr.ees. This exposition was assailed in the schools first as a revival of the Pelagian heresy, inasmuch as it appears to place the efficacy of grace in the consent of man's will, and thus to recognize a natural power in man to perform supernatural acts ; secondly, as set- ting aside altogether what the Scriptures repre- sent as the special election of the pre<lestined. by makiilg each individual the arbiter of his own predestination or reprobation. The Dominicans, who were never very friendly to the Jesuits, and who felt that this teaching misrepresented that of their great authority. Saint Thomas, entered fiercely into the controversy; the name of Tlioni- ists is generally applied to them and to the other antagonists of ^lolina. The dispute was brniight under the cognizance of the Inquisitor- General of Spain, who referred it to Pojie Clement VIII. In 1507 he appointed the cele- brated Covfirefinfin de Aii.riliifi nivliia' flrntirr to consider the entire question ; the commission con- sisted of eleven members, representing different orders and schools. Before the death of Clement ^'1II. in 1005 it had already held 68 sessions, and 17 more were held under Paul V., still without leading to any very definite result. Paul V. finally dissolved it after nine years of anxious consultation, and in ICll forbade anything to be printed on either side without license from the Inquisition. The decree was confirmed by Urban 'UI. in 1025 apd again in 1041, with special reference to a new outlireak of controversy occa- sioned by the publication of the AiKjuHlinus of Jansenius. The Jesuits had never committed themselves to Molina's doctrine as a whole, and they came gradually to a general support of a modified form of it known as Congruism, taught especially by Suarez and Bellarmine. While, according to the supporters of this teach- ing, Molina had placed the eft'ective power of grace altogether in the assent of the free will, Suarez found it rather in the perfect Iiarmony (congrucntiu) of grace with the character, tem- jieramcnt, tendencies, and habits of the indi- vidual. The real congruism of Suarez is, how- ever, not so much a departure from the teaching of Molina as a clearer and more precise defini- tion of it. Consult: Schneemann, Die £Hfs/f/iiOi(7 vnd Entifickhiiiff drr thomistis'ch-ntoliiiiatischen Kontrovcrse (Freiburg, 1880) ; De Regiion, Baiies et Molina: histoirc. doctrines, critique mi'tajihi/sique (Paris, 1883) ; Gayraud, Tho- misinc ci ilolinisme (Paris, 1890). MOLINO BEL KEY, m6-le'n6 del ra'e (Sp., 'King's Mill' ) . A series of massive stone build- ings, about 3000 feet west of Chapultepec (q.v.), and about three miles southwest of the City of Mexico ; the scene, September 8, 1847, of the most hotly contested battle of the war between the United States and Jlexico. At the close of the armistice which followed the battle of Chur- ubusco (see Mexican War) Cieneral Scott de- termined to destroy a cannon foundry and some military supplies supposed to be located here, and on September 7th ordered an attack. Early on the following day General Worth, at the head of about 3500 men, assaulted the buildings, which had lieen strongly fortified and were then gar- risoned by a force of 4000 supported by an ad- ditional cavalry force of 4000. After suffering severely from the artillery fire the Americans finally drove the Mexicans from their position, and held the fortifications for the rest of the day, in spite of a large Mexican reenforeement sent forward by Santa. Anna. Of the Mexicans 690 were made prisoners and probably as many as 3000 were killed or wounded. The American loss was heavier, in proportion to the force engaged, than in any other battle during the war, 110 being killed and 671 wounded. The Mexicans, suppos- ing the attack to be part of a movement against Chapultepec (q.v.). regarded the engagement as a victory for their side, and still commemorate it as such. Consult : H. H. Bancroft, Historii of Mcd-ico, vol. V. (San Francisco, 1885): and Wilcox. Historif of the Mea^ican War (Washing- ton. 1892). MOLINOS. mo-le'nus, MiGUEL de (1640-96). A Spanish mystic, and leading representative of the doctrines of Quietism. He was born at Pataeina in Aragnn of uolile parents, and pursued a course of theological studies at Pam|ielona and Coimbra, from which university he received the degree of doctor of divinity. Having been or- I