Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 16.djvu/908

KEGNIER. 804 REGULATORS. REGNIER, :Mathikix (1573-1013). A French satirist, the nephew of Desjiortes, the poet. He was born at Chartres, took orders as a youtli, and went in 1593 as secretary with tlie Cardinal de Joj'euse to Rome. He returned in 1G04, and in 1009 was made a canon in the Chartres Cathedral. He died in the prime of his talent, as the result of liis excesses. His six- teen satires include: Le gout decide de tout; L'lionncur Vennemi de la vie; L'amour gu'on lie })eut dotnpter; Regnier apologiste de lui-meme ; La folie est gherale; and Le mauvais lieu. The ninth attacks llalherbe. Dowden says: "His satires are those of a painter whose eye is on his object, and who handles his brush with a vigorous discretion; they are criticisms of so- ciety, and its types of folly or of vice, full of force and color, yet general in their intention, for, except at the poet who had affronted his uncle, le bon Eegnier .struck at no individual." The only work printed during the poet's life- time was Satires et autres poesies de Mnthurin Eegnier (1008 and 1613). The best editions of his work are those of Viollet-le-Duc (1853), Bajthelemy (1802), and Courbet (1869 and 1875). Consult Vianev. MatJiurin Regnier (Paris, 1890). REGRATING. An old common-law offense, consisting of buying 'corn and other victuals' and scheming to enhance the price artificially. The offense was earlv made a matter of statute in England, and probably is not recognized as a common-law offense in tlie United States. The ancient crimes known as forestalling (q.v.) and engrossing (q.v.) were quite similar in nature. REG'ULA (Lat., rule). A band under a triglyph (q.v.) in the Doric style. It has the shape of a narrow stripe of marble, and on the lower side has six guttw (q.v.). It seems to represent an original wooden cleat secured by nails. REGXJLA FAL'SI (Lat., rule of the false). The Latin name for the method of false posi- tion (q. v.). This method was largely used in the Middle Ages in the solution of equations. E.g., the simple equation aar + 6 ^ was solved thus: If c, and ^2 are any two numbers, and o«i + 6 = c„ a«2+5=Cj, then a; = ^^-^ ^^^ Ci C2 . REGULAR ARMY AND NAVY UNION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. A patriotic society founded in Washington, D. C., on November 4, 1897. It has for its prin- cipal objects to provide for comrades when sick or in need; to assist in the burial of its dead; to keep alive old friendships formed in the service; to suggest and encourage the enact- ment of necessary laws for tiie benefit of sol- diers, sailors, or marines ; and to keep before the people and the oflJcials of the Government the necessity and justice of giving emplo^nnent in the Government service to men honorably discharged or retired who have rendered faithful military sei-vice to the Government, and who are trust- worthy and competent. It admits to member- ship members of the regular army, navy, or ma- rine corps of the United States, or' those who have been honorably discharged or retired if they have served for five years in either branch of the service. Its insignia consists of a badge pen- dant from a ribbon, which is the national flag, with a clasp at the top formed of a spread eagle, while the badge itself consists of a cross with the emblems of the different branches of the service in the points, and in the centre a triangle, with the letters A, X, and M, signifying Army. Nav.v, and Marine, surrounded by the legend 'Trinitas Protego, R. A. and N. U., U. S." It has a membership of upward of 0,000, divided among garrisons and sub-garrisons in the United States and the Philippines. REGULATED COMPANIES. Associations of merchants formed in early modern times to exploit monopolies of special branches of foreign trade. Each member of the company embarked his capital in the monopolized trade, manag- ing his own business, but subject to the regulations of the company. These companies were formed on the model of the media-val guild (q.v.). They made rules for admission to the company, decided how great a volume of business each member should transact, and sometimes fixed prices. The company as a body possessed property, as, for example, factories in the coun- try with which they traded: but there was no idea of making profits to be distributed to the company as a whole. Through their regula- tion active competition among members was ob- viated, and cooperation against foreign compet- itors assured. Thus it became possible to carry on trade which an isolated trader would not have ventured upon. The earliest regulated companies were those formed by the merchants of the Hanseatic League (q.v.) for trading in England. The plan was adopted by the English merchants who first engaged in foreign trade, the Merchants of the Staple, and the Merchants Adventurers (q.v.). The regi.ilated company was the form of organization of the Levant Company, incorpo- rated in 1581, to carry on trade in the Eastern Mediterranean; the ]Muscovy Company (15541, of merchants trading in Russia ; the Eastland Com- pany, incorporated under Elizabeth, to carry on trade with the Baltic countries. The East India Company, as originally constituted, formed a transition from the regulated to the joint-stock company. In the last named company individual memliers were not given a right to carry on trade on private account, but were required to trade through sub-companies, under the control of the parent company. This form of organization was in its time distinctly superior to unregulated private trad- ing, but it proved inadequate for carrying on so hazardous and extensive a trade as that with the East Indies, and was gradually supplanted by the joint-stock company. After 1012 the East India Company had abandoned the principle of the regulated company. The other companies mentioned continued to exist in their original form until the eighteenth century. In the seven- teenth century they showed a tendency toward monopoly, excluding, through excessive entrance fees, traders who desired to gain membership. Hence arose a class of 'interlopers,' who traded in the monopolized region in defiance of the com- pany. The minute regulations imposed upon members proved to be vexatious in the more enterprising trade of the seventeenth century, and were in large measure responsible for the de- cline of the companies. REGULATORS, The. The name given to those who actively opposed excessive taxes, dis- honest sheriff's, and extortionate fees, in North