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REIFFERSCHEID, rī'fẽr-shīt, August (1835-87). A German archæologist and classical philologist, born and educated in Bonn. He received a traveling fellowship in archæology from the University of Bonn; spent 1861-66 mostly in Italy, being part of the time charged by the Vienna Academy to make archival research for the Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum; and was professor at Breslau (1868-85), and from 1885 at Strassburg. His works include Suetoni præter Cæsarum Libros Reliquiæ (1860), the standard edition of these fragments; Bibliotheca Patrum Latinorum Italica (1865-72); Arnobius (1875); an edition of Anna Comnena's Alexias (1878); and a partial edition of Tertullian (edited by Wissowa, 1890).
REIGATE, rī'get. A municipal borough and market town in Surrey, England, at the base of the North Downs, 23 miles south of London (Map: England, F 5). The town was incorporated in 1863; it owns a sewage farm, provides isolation for infectious diseases, and contributes to technical instruction. From early times it was considered a place of strength; and after the Conquest it was granted to the earls of Warrenne. The parish church is in various styles of architecture, the oldest portions dating from the twelfth century. Trade is chiefly agricultural. Nearby are quarries of freestone and hearthstone and supplies of fuller's earth, and of silver sand for manufacturing glass. Population, in 1891, 22,646; in 1901, 25,993.
REIG'HARD, Jacob Ellsworth (1861— ). An American zoölogist, born at Laporte, Ind. He graduated at the University of Michigan in 1882, studied at Harvard and Freiburg, and after six years as instructor and assistant in zoölogy became in 1892 professor in the University of Michigan. He was in charge of the Michigan Fish Commission in 1890-94, and in 1898 was appointed director of the biological survey of the Great Lakes under the United States Fish Commission. He contributed to many technical journals, and in 1901 published in collaboration with Jennings The Anatomy of the Cat.
REIGN OF TERROR. That period of the French Revolution beginning with the fall of the Girondists (q.v.) in June, 1793, and terminating with the overthrow of Robespierre (q.v.), July 27, 1794. See French Revolution.
REIMARUS, rḯ-mä'rụs, Hermann Samuel (1694-1768). A German naturalistic philosopher. He was born in Hamburg, December 22, 1694, studied at the universities of Jena and Wittenberg, traveled afterwards in Holland and England, and on his return was elected rector at Wismar (1723) and in 1728 professor of Hebrew and mathematics at the Gymnasium of Hamburg. He died there March 1, 1768. He is the author of the so-called Wolfenbüttelsche Fragmente eines Unbekannten, first published by Lessing in his Beiträge zur Geschichte und Litteratur aus den Schützen der Wolfenbüttelschen Bibliothek (1774, 1777-78). These Fragmente, up to that time known only in manuscript by a few of Reimarus's most intimate friends, produced a sensation throughout Germany, since the author, in the boldest and most trenchant manner, denied the supernatural origin of Christianity. They were partially translated, as Fragments from Reimarus (London, 1879). A cognate work is his Vornehmste Wahrheiten der natürlichen Religion (1754). His edition of Dio Cassius is one of the most valuable contributions to classical philology (1750). Consult his biography by Strauss (Bonn, 1862; 2d. ed. 1877).
REIMS, rēms, Fr. pron. răNs. A city of France. See Rheims.
REIN, rīn, Johannes Justus (1835— ). A German geographer, born at Raunheim-on-the-Main, and educated in mathematics and science at the University of Giessen. He made various scientific journeys in Europe, Asia, and America, and was appointed professor of geography at the University of Marburg in 1876, and subsequently at Bonn. His publications include Japan, nach Reisen und Studien (1881-86), which was translated into English, under the title, Japan, Travels and Researches (1884), as was also his book on Japanese industries (1889); and Columbus und seine vier Reisen nach Westen (1892).
