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KIGAS. 149 RIGGS. Vienna, and then at 'i'Micc to inlluonce Bona- parte in belialf of HelU'iuc inile|U'niU'iU'c. He was imprisoned by the Austrian* and surrendered to the Turks, who executed liini at Belgrade. His collected songs were published in 1814 and the Greek paraphrase of the Mniscilliiisr is attributed to him. Consult the Life by I'errhaivos (Athens, ISliO). KIGADOON (Fr. rigodon, rigandon, said to be named after Rigaiid, a French daitcing master). A lively dance of French origin. It was popular in the time of Louis XIII., and was introduced into England toward the last of the seventeenth century. The rigadoou had an unusual jumping step, and the music in |, or common time, was spirited. EIGATJD, re'go', Stephen Peter (1774-18.39). An English astronomer and historian of mathe- matics. He was born at Richmond in Surrey, of Huguenot refugees, and was educated at Exeter College, Oxford, where he became lecturer on ex- perimental philosophy and Savilian professor of geometry in 1810. He succeeded his father as observer to the King at Kew ( 1814) and followed Abraham Robertson as Savilian professor of as- tronomy in 1827. In Radclitl'e Observatory, which came under his charge at this time, he discovered important manuscripts of Bradley and of Harriot and many other papers. Rigaud pub- lished: The Miscellaneous Worls a>id Correspond- ence of Dr. Bradley (1831, with memoir; 2d ed. 1833), An. Historical Essai/ on the First Publi- cation of Newton's 'Principia' (1838) ; and The Correspondence of Scientific Hen of the Seven- teenth Century (1841, edited bv his son; reedited by De Morgan, 1862). RIG'BY, Elizabeth. The maiden name of the English author Lady Elizabeth Eastlake (q.v.). EIG'DON, Sidney (1793-1876). A Mormon elder. He was born in Saint Clair township. Al- legheny County, Pa. He was pastor of a Baptist church in Pittsburg (1822) and afterwards was a minister of the IJisciples' Church in Ohio. It has been claimed that here he became acquainted with a romance of prehistoric America, written in 1812 by Solomon Spaulding. an eccentric Con- gregational minister in Ohio, and that this was the 'source, root, and inspiration' of the Book of Mormon. The claim has not been substan- tiated, and there is no positive evidence against the statement of Joseph Smith that he met Rig- don for the first time in December, 1830. Rig- don was clo.sely associated with Smith after the latter's removal to Ohio (1831). and accom- panied him to Missouri and Nauvoo. where he was one of the three presidents of the new Church. He refused to acknowledge the authority of Brigham Young after tlie death of Smith, was excommunicated for contumacy, and returned to Pittsburg, but never gave up his Jlormon faith. He died at Friendship, X, Y. RIGG, .Tames Hakrison (1821 — ). An Eng- lish clergyman and educator, born at Newcastle- on-Tyne. He was educated at Old Kingswood School and entered the Wesleyan Methodist Min- istry in 1845. In 1868 he became principal of the Wesleyan Training College, Westminster, London. He was English correspondent of the New Y'ork Christian Advocate, and for several years was on the staff and afterwards became sole editor of the London Quarterly Review. His works include: Wesleyan Mrllwdism and Con- rjreyaliowitism Contraslrd (1852); Modem .lii- (jliean Throlotjy (1857, 1859, 1S80) ; The Church- manship of John Yesley (1868, 1878, 1886) ; The Living Wesley (1875. 1891); Dr. I'usiy, His Character and Life Work (1883); and Oxford Hiyh Anglicanism and Us Chief Leaders (1895, 1899). RIGGING (from rig. from Xorweg., dialectic Swed. riggu, to rig; probably connected with AS. urcon, OXorthunib. wria, archaic Kng. ipry, to cover). The rigging of a vessel inclmlcs nil the ropes and chains used to support or npcrnto her masts, yards, booms, gaffs, sails, etc. It is of two kinds, standing rigging and running rigging. The former is scmi-pernument and eliiclly con- sists of supports to the masts such as shrouds, stays, backstays, etc. When once in position these are not moved except when they require slight adjustment or renewal. Yards, gall's, and booms have some standing rigging for their sup- port or for other purposes. Standiug rigging is usually of wire or hemp rope; if the former it is conuiionly painted, or galvanized, or both; if of hemp, it is tarred. For further preservation standing rigging is parceled (wrapped with tarreil or painted canvas) and served (wrapped closely with marline or spun yarn). The running rigging of a ship comprises the moving or mov- able ropes which are used to operate the yards, gaffs, booms, and sails, or to raise and lower the upper masts, hoist weights, and the like. Such ropes are cliietly of manila fibre, but some are of untarred hemp or cotton and others of (lexible wire or chain. The most important r(i])cs of the running rigging are the braces (used to swing the yards or keep them properly pointed), the halliards (used to hoist the yards or sails), and the gear attached to the sails (q.v.), such as sheets, clewlines, bimtlines, etc. See Sail; also Ship. RIGGS, Elias (1810-1901). An American missionary and linguist. He was born at New Providence. New Jersey, gradviated at Andierst College in 1829, and at Andover Theological Sem- inary in 1832. The same year he was ordained a Presbyterian missionary and entered the serv- ice of the American Board. The first six years of his missionary career were spent in Athens and Argos. In 1838 he was transferred to Smyr- na, and in 1853 to Constantinople, where he continued in the service of the American Board until his death. Between 1856 and 1858 he vis- ited America and during this time superintended the publication of his Armenian Bible and taught in the L^nion Theological Seminary. He was a member of the committee appointed by the Brit- ish and Foreign Bible Society and the American Bible Society to prepare the publication of the Turkish Bible in both Arabic and .Xrmcnian ver- sions, which was accomplished in 1878; and again a member of the revising committee who prepared a version suitable to tlie needs of com- mon readers, issued in 1886. He published A Manual of the Chaldec Language, Containing a Grammar. Chrestomathy. and a 'ocabulary. (1832, and subsequent editions): Orammatical yotes on the Bulgarian Language (1844) ; Gram- mar of the Modern Armenian Language, with a Vocabulary (1847); Grammar of the Turkish Language as Written in the Armenian Character (1856); Translation of the Scriptures into tho