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KILEY. 134 RIMMER. ]ii the field of general biology he is known by his paper "On the Causes of X'ariation in Organic Forms," published in the Provecdinijs of the American Ai^sociatlon for the Advancement of Scirnce for 1888. RILEY, James Whitcomb (1853—). A pop- ular American poet and public reader, who first came into public notice as "Benj. F. Johnson, of Hoone." Riley's father was a well-to-do lawyer of (Jreenfield. but the son, instead of following the law, worked first as a sign-painter, and after- wards joined a company of strolling actors, for whom he used to remodel songs and write plays. Hi^ fame rests in part on his brilliant gift of mimicry. In 1873 he got a position on the staff of the Indianapolis Journal, to which paper his first verses were contributed in 1875. Jluch of his verse is written in the so-called 'Hoosier' dia- lect, but many of his most beautiful compositions are in pure English. The dialect poems deal with scenes of simple life, and are liked for their hu- mor, pathos, originality, and sincerit.y,and for the feeling for Indiana character which they contain. Riley is also a genuine poet of childhood. His first book of verse appeared in 1883, entitled. The Old Swimmin'-Bole and 'Leven More Poems, by Benj. F. Johnson, of Boone, and since then the volumes have been numerous. Among them are: The Boss Girl, a Christmas Story, and Other Sketches (1880), in prose; Character Sketches and Poems (1887); Afterwhiles (1888); Old- Fashioned Roses (1888) ; Pipes o' Pan: at Zekes- hury (1889) ; Rhymes of Childhood (1890) ; The Flying Islands of the tiight (1891) ; Neighborly Poems (1891); An Old Sweetheart of Mine ( 1891 ) ; Green Fields and Running Brooks (1893); Poems Here at Home (1893); Aryna- zindy (1894); A Child World (1896); The Rubaiyat of Doc. Sifers (1899); Home Folks (1900); and the Book of Joyous Children (1902). RIMBAUD, raN'bo'. .Jean' Abthur (1854-91). A French poet and adventurer, connected with the Symbolist movement in French literature. He was born at Charleville (Ardennes), and was sent to a good school. He began to write verses as a child, and ceased to write them at nineteen. In 1871 he went to Paris, and there the 'Parnas- sians,' above all Verlaine, welcomed the pre- cocious author of the Batteau Ivre. His connec- tion with the Commune forced him to leave France shortly after this date, ajd, accompanied by Verlaine, he went to England and Belgium, where he had a violent quarrel with his friend, an account of which he published in Vne saison en enfer (1873). In 1880 he went to North Africa, where he became a trader with headquarters at Harrar and Shoa. By 1890 he had accumulated a fortune and was ready to return to France, and to resume writing, but a tumor had developed on his knee, and he died at a hospital in Marseilles after the amputa- tion of the leg. His poems were published in Paris in 1886, by Verlaine, who thought the author of them dead, and they attracted much at- tention. The Illuminations contains his sonnet on the vowels, and the few other poems that make him one of the most original of French poets. His works were collected by His brother- in-law, Paterne Berrichon. who also gives a sketch of his life in Vie de Jean-Arthur Rimbaud (1898), Consult: Whibley, "A Vagabond Poet," in Blackn-oods (Feb., 1899), and Symons, "Ar- thur Kimbaud," in the Saturday Review (May, 1898), RIMBATJLT, Edward Francls (1816-70). An English musical writer and editor, born in London. His father was Stephen Francis Rim- bault, an organist and composer, and from him he received part of his instruction. In addition to this, he was a pupil of Samuel Wesley and Dr. Crotch. In 1838 he began to give lectures on English musical history, and two years after- waids, with E. Taylor and W. Chappell, he found- ed the Musical Antiquarian Society. He was lecturer at the Liverpool Royal Institute, at the Collegiate Institute, and at the Edinburgh Philo- sophic Institute. He produced only a few works: the operas The Fair Maid of Is'lington (1838) and I'he Castle Spectre (1839), a cantata, Coun- try Life, and a number of songs of which Happy Land is the favorite. In addition to these, he wrote: Who Was Jack Wilson, the Singer of Shakes.peare's Stage? (1846) ; Bibliotheca Madri- galiana (1847) ; The Early English Organ-Build- ers and Their Works (1864); and J. S. Ba<:h (1869). RIMINI, re'me-ne ( anciently Ariminum ) . A city in the Province of Forli, Italy, situated on the Marecehia, near the Adriatic, 70 miles south- east of Bologna ( ilap : Italy, G 3 ) , Rimini has regular streets, well-built houses, and many fine churches. The thirteenth-century Gothic cathedral was rebuilt in the Renaissance style of the fifteenth century. The interior is em- bellished with allegorical figures and frescoes. The city has a town hall with a picture gallery; an arehieological museum ; and a library of 33,000 volumes. There are a technical school and a school of navigation. Among the objects of interest are the well-preserved marble bridge of Augustus over the Marecehia, a triumphal arch, and the remains of an amphitheatre. The port of Rimini is crowded with ves- sels engaged in the fisheries, which em- ploy nearly half the population. The other industries are silk-spinning, salt-refining, and the manufacture of glass, rope, and furniture. Population (commune), in 1881, 37.078: in 1901, 43.203. Rimini was founded by the Umbrians. It became an important city under the Romans, and was the terminus of two great roads leading from Rome. Here, in B.C. 49, Julius Ctesar Ijegan the war which made Rome an empire. In the thirteenth century Rimini passed rmder the rule of the powerful family of JIalatesta ( q.v. ) , who were dispossessed by Cesare Borgia in 1500; then for 25 years, beginning with 1503. it was subject to Venice. It was a Papal possession from 1528 to 17i)7. and from 1815 to 1860. The Council of Rimini, held in 359, condemned the teachings of Arius. RIMINI, Francesca da. See Francesca da Rl.[INI. RIM'MER, William (1816-79). An Ameri- can sculptor, born in Liverpool, England. He studied medicine, but became a sculptor and lec- turer on art subjects. He delivered the first course of lectures on art before the Lowell Insti- tute of Boston, and gave courses also at Harvard University and (1870) at the National Academy in New York City. In 1866-70 he was director of the School of Design of Cooper Institute, New York. His sculptures include a colossal granite