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KOGEB, II. 232 EOGERS. erty, and his recognition as lawful Pope, but also the lirni attaoliiiientof Koger to the Holy See. Ill 1144 Koger received from Pope Lucius 11. the right of xising the various symbols of ecclesiasti- cal dignity and power. In 1147 he began war ou the Byzantine Emperor, Jlanuel Couinenus. who had been in the league with the Pope and the Em])eror against him. Corfu was captured and Ceplialonia, Xegropout, Corinth, and Athens were pillaged. He followed up these suc- cesses by the capture of Tripoli and other places on the African coast, and afterwards at- tacked the Zeirides. leaving at his deatli an African dependency which stretched from Moroc- co to Kairwan. He died at Palermo, February 26, 1154. His daughter Constantia married in 1186 the Emperor Henry VI., whereby the Hohen- staufen succeeded in 1194 to the rule of the Two Sicilies. Consult Schack, Oeschichie der Normannen in Sicilien (Stuttgart, 1889). ROGER OF WEN'DOVER (?1237). An English chronicler, monk of Saint Albans and for a time prior to Belvoir. He transcribed the Flares Hisforiarum, a work supposed to have been compiled by .John de Cella, and added to it an original chronicle from 1189 to 12.35. The whole was revised and extended to 1259 by Matthew Paris. The work was edited by Coxe for the English Historical Society (1841-42), and by Hewlett in the Rolls Series (1886-89). ROGERS, roj'erz, Faikman (1833-1900). An American civil engineer, born in Philadelphia. He graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1853, and from 1855 to 1871 was professor of civil engineering in the University of Penn- sylvania, of which lie was long a trustee. Rogers served in the Civil War, in the Philadelphia City Cavalry, and as engineer on the staffs of General Reynolds and Gen. W. F. Smith. He was one of the charter memliers of the National Academy of Sciences. He wrote Terrestrial Magnetism and ilie Magnetism of Iron t^liips (1877; revised, 1883). ROGERS, Henry D.rvin- (1806-60). An American scientist, born in Pliiladelphia. He studied at William and Mary College, and in 1830-31 was professor of chemistry and natural philosophy at Dickinson College, and then studied for two years in Europe. After his return he lectured at Franklin Institute in Philadelphia, and in 1835 became professor of geology at the University of Pennsylvania. The same year he made for the Government of New Jersey a geo- logical and mineralogical survey of that State, publishing a full report in 184o'. From 1836 to 1842, and again from 1851 to 1854. he was State geologist of Pennsylvania. In 1855 he removed to Edinburgh. Scotland, where the final report of his geological works was published under the title The Geology of Pennsylvania, a Government Survey (2 vols., _ 1858). From 1857 until his death he was regius professor of natural history in the University of Glasgow. Consult Poiiular Science Monthly, vol. 1. (New York, 1897). ROGERS, Henry Wade (1853-). An Ameri- can jurist, born in Holland Patent, N. Y. He graduated at the University of Michigan in 1874, and was appointed professor of law in its law school in 1883. After five years as dean of the same school he was elected president of North- western University (1890) and in 1901 became a member of the Vale faculty of law. Rogers was cliairman of the World's Congress of .Jurisjjru- deiice and Law Reform at Chicago in 1893. He publislied Illinois Citations (1881) and Expert Testimony (1883). ROGERS, James Edwin Thorold (1823-90). An Englisli political economist, born at West Meon, Hampshire. He was educated at King's College, London, and at Magdalen Hall, Oxford, where he graduated in 1846. He wa.s ordained .soon after his graduation, and took part in the High Church movement. In 1859 he was elected Tooke professor of statistics and economic science at King's College, and in 1802 was chosen Drummond professor of political economy at Oxford, but failed of reelection to that position in 1808. He then entered politics, and repre- sented Southwarlc in Parliament from 1880 to 1885. In 1888 he was reelected professor at Oxford. Rogers was one of the pioneers in the study of English economic history. His re- searches were profound, and have furnished a vast amount of material for later writers, al- though his conclusions suffer from a tendency to- ward extreme partisanship. In liis theoretical work he was a close follower of the laissez-faire school of classical economists, although he re- jected some of the more important principles of that school, such as the Ricardian theory of rent. His principal works are: Six Centuries of IForfc and Wages (1885) : History of Agriculture and Prices in England (1866, 1887) ; First Nine Years of the Bank of England (1887) ; The Economic Interpretation of History (1888); and The In- dustrial and Commercial History of England (published posthumously, 1892). ROGERS, John (c.1.500-55) . An English martyr, born at Deritend, near Birmingham, and educated at Cambridge. After being ordained he was a London rector. 1532-34, and chaplain to the English merchants at Antwerp, 1534-30, where he met William Tvndale. and renounced the Roman Catholic faith. In 1537 he became pastor of a Protestant church at Wittenberg. On the acces- sion of Edward VI. he returned to England by invitation of Bishop Ridley, and became rector of Saint iSIargaret Moyses and Saint Sepulchre, in London, in 1550; in 1551 he was made prebendary of Saint Pancras, Saint Paul's, and rector of Chigvell. and in 1553 divinity reader. On the Sunday after the entrance of Queen Mary into London in 1553 he preached at Saint Paul's Cross, denounced Popery, and urged upon the people a steadfast adherence to the doctrines taught in King Edward's time. Summoned before the Privy Council, he ably defended him.self, and was released; but on August 16th he was or- dered to remain a prisoner in his owni house, and deprived of all his emoluments. On January 27, 1554, he was removed to Newgate and treated with great severity. In January. 1555, he was tried before Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester, and on -January 29 was condemned to be burned at Smithfield. London, which sentence was carried out on Jlonday. Feliruarv 4th. He compiled the first authorized Englisli Bible, prepared from Tyndale's manuscript and Coverdale's transla- tion, which was published under the name of Thomas Matthew. It was printed at Antwerp by Jacob van Meteren. Co]>ies of it in sheets were imported by Richard Grafton and sold in London 1537 (latest edition 1551). In Fox's Martyr-