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ROGIER. 2-2 the portfolio of the Interior. French influonce forced his retirement in October, 1S52, but he returned to power iu November, 1S5T, and re- mained in oflice for eleven years, acting as ilinis- ter of the Interior till 1801, and after that as Jlinister for Foreign Atl'airs. As Foreign Jlinis- ter he conferred an inestimable advantage on his country by obtaining the consent of the great powers to the opening of the Scheldt to naviga- tion. Consult Descailles, Charles Rogier, ISOO- So (Brussels, 1S96). ROHAN, ro'iiN'. A celebrated French family (named from the little town of Rohan, in Brit- tany), dating from the twelfth century, and tracing its descent to the royal and ducal line of Brittany. Its two most noted members are given below. KOHAN, Henri, Duke de (I579-1G38). A French Huguenot general, son of Duke Rene II. and of Catherine de Parthenay, noted as the heroine of La Rochelle, heiress of the House of Soubise (q.v. ). He was born at the Chateau de Blain in Brittany. About 1595 he was sent to the Court of Henry IV., and in 1597 distinguished himself at Amiens in the King's presence. Then he spent more than two vears in travel through Germany, Italy, Holland, England, and Scotland. In 1003, soon after his return to France, he was made duke; two years afterwards he married the daughter of the King's great minister Sully; but he did not come into prominence until the death of Henry IV., when the leader- ship of the Protestant party fell to him. At Saumur in 1011 he effected a union of all the Huguenot factions ; and in the same year he de- cided openly for Coude against Maria de' Medici, with whom he came to an understanding in 1016. But his efforts for union were unavailing, and, upon the rising of the Gascons and Bearnois against the reestablishment of the Catholic Church among them, he took the field openly, raised the siege of Jlontaidjan and forced the signature of the Peace of ^lontpellier and the confirmation of the Edict of Nantes (1622). He was made Marshal of France by Louis XIII., but Richelieu's policy was heedless of the treaty, and the Protestants rose again in 1625 under the lead of Rohan and his brother, the Prince de Soubise. Peace was made in 1026. but the struggle was soon renewed, ending in the triumph of the royal cause (1629). Rohan was named generalissimo of the Venetian troops in 1631; tlicn re- turned to France and after a brilliant campaign drove the Austrians and Spanish from the Valtel- line (1635); and, after a brief retirement in Geneva, joined Bernhard of Weimar in 1638. In that year he was mortally wounded at Rheinfel- den. "Rohan Avrote Ucmoircs (1644), describing his three campaigns in France; an account of his travels in 1598-1000 (printed 1040); Les intcrets des princes (1006) ; Traite dii goiirerne- ment des treize cantons (1644); DisA)urs poli- tirjnes (1693) ; and a fourth book of llemoires on the war in the Valtelline (1785). Consult Lau- gel. Henri de Rohan (Paris, 1889). BOHAIT, Louis Ren^ Edouard, Prince de (1734-1803). A French cardinal, born in Paris. He was bred to the Church, and was made Ambassador to Austria in 1772. He was re- called in 1774, having made himself offen- sive to Maria Theresa by his meddlesome spirit 5 ROHLFS. and scandalous mode of life. He bccanio grand almoner of France, cardinal in 1778, and Bishop of Strassburg the iie.t year. He was imprisoned (1785-80) for his participation in the affair of the diamond necklace (q.v.), and on his release was dismissed from Court In disgrace. He was a Deputy to the States-(ien- cral in 1789, but retired on a<coiuit of accusa- tions of ilisloyalty. He resigned the Uisliopric o( Strassl>urg in 1801. ROHDE, nVdc, Erwin (1845-98). A German classical scliolar, born in Hamburg, and eilucated at Bonn, Leipzig, and Kiel. In the last named of these universities he became docent iu 1H70 and professor in 1872, and from 187li to IHSU held chairs at Tiibingcn, Leipzig, and Heidelberg. He was an authority on the fireek noNcl and on the Greek cult of ghosts, and to these two sub- jects his great works, Dcr qricchischc Rmnan (1870), P.siirhe (1890-94), and the posthumous Kleinc Scliriften (1901), are devoted. Rohde wrote Friedrirh Creuzcr iind Kaniline von (iiin- derode { 1S90). ROHILKHTJND, or ROHILKHAND, ro'- hll-kund'. A division of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh (q.v.), British India, occupying, together with the native State of Hampur, an area of 11,824 square miles. Populatiim, in 1901, 0,010,527. The principal town is Bareilly. ROHLFS, rolfs, Anna Katiierine (Green) ( 1840— ) . An American novelist, daughter of •J. Wilson Green, a lawyer of Brooklyn, N, Y. She married Charles Rohlfs in 1SS4. She was educated at Ripley College. Poultney, Vt., and gained immediate popularity l)y her first novel, The Leavenworth Case ( 1878) . in which she com- bined remarkable ability in the construction of plot with considerable knowledge of criminal law. Of many later stories, all in the same vein, the best are: A Strange Disappearance (1879) ; The Sivord of Damocles (1881); Hand and Ring ( 1883) ; The Mill J/j/.5/cn/( 1880) : Rehind Closed Doors (1888); The Forsahen Inn (1890): and The Filigree Ball (1903). Other books are: Ri- sivi's Daughter, a drama in blank verse (1880) ; Tlw Defense of the Bride, a dranuUic poem, to- gether with other verses; and a dramatization of The Leavenworth Case (1892). ROHLFS, Gerhard (1831-96). A German explorer. Ijorn April 14, 183), at Vcgesack. near Bremen. After serving in the Schk'swig-Holstein War in 1849 he took u]i the study of medicine and from 1855 to 1800 participated in the French wars in Algeria as a surgeon in the Foreign Legion. In 1801-62 he cx|)lored Jlorocco in the disguise of a Mohammedan, and |K"netrated the desert hinterland to the oasis of Tafilet. Setting out from Tangier in 1803. he was the first Euro- pean to reach and describe the oasis of Twat. Shortly after his return to Germany in 1805 he set out again for Africa, this time planning a journey through the heart of the Sah:ira and the Sudan. He traversed the desert from Tripoli to Lake Tchad, visited the Central African States of Bornu and Sokoto, and, entering the Niger by way of the Benue, sailed down that stream to Rabba, whence he forced his way through the for- ests to the Guinea coast. Tn 1808 he accom- panied the British expedition to Abyssinia and after 1800 explored Cyrenaica and the oasis of Jupiter Amnion, traversing the Libyan desert, whither iu 1873-74 he led a second expedition,