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KOLAND DE LA PLATIEBE. 228 ROLLER. (Paris, 1804); Blind, Madame Roland (ib., 1880) ; Lain}-, Deux femmes celebrcs (ib., 18SG) ; Saiiite-Beuve, Forlraits de femmes; Dobson, Four I'roichicomen (London, 1890). Madame Ro- land's Lcttrcs have also been published . (Paris, 1S67). ROLFE, r.-.If, John (1585-1022). An English colonist in America, born in Norfolk, England. He became interested in the colonization of Vir- ginia, and in June, 1009, started for the colony, but was wrecked on the way, was detained for some months on the Bermuda Islands, and did not reach Jamestown until May, 1010. He is credited with having been the first Englishman, in 1012, to introduce the cultivation of tobacco in Virginia. He had married an English woman in 1008, but his wife had died soon after her ar- rival at Jamestown, and in April, 1013, he mar- ried the famous Indian 'princess' Pocahontas, whom he took to England in 1010. After the death of Pocahontas, in 1617, Rolfe returned to Virginia, where he again married, and in 1019 was a member of the Council. See Pocahontas. ROLFE, John Carew (1859—). An Ameri- can classical philologist, born at Lawrence. Mass. He received his bachelor's degree from Harvard University in 1881, and attained the doctorate in philosophy at Cornell in 1885. In 1888-89 he was a memljer of the American School at Athens and assisted in important excavations during that year. He taught at Cornell Uni- versity from 1882-85 and at Harvard University in 1889-90. In the latter year he was appointed assistant professor at the University of Michigan, and four years later was made professor of Latin. This office he continued to hold until 1902, when he was appointed to a similar position at the University of Pennsylvania. He became co-editor with Prof. Charles E. Bennett of Cornell of the College Latin Series, and edited various Latin texts for schools and colleges. ROLFE, Robert ^Ionsey, Baron Cranworth. See Cranworth. ROLFE, William Jame.s (1827—). An American Shakespearean scholar and educator, born in Newbur^-port, Mass. Rolfe graduated B.A. at Amherst" in 1849. He taught in Mary- land, then at Wrentliam. Dorchester, Lawrence, and Salem, and from 1802 to 1808 in Cambridge, Mass. Having resigned this post, he became edi- tor of the Popular Science Vcirs and afterwards of the Shakespearean department of The Litcrari/ World and The Critic. Early in his career he edited selections from Ovid and Vergil, and, in collaboration. The Cambridge Course of Physics (6 vols., 1867-08). Many contributions by him are scattered through the lyorth American Re- view, Harper's Magazine, and other periodicals. His Shakespearean work began with an edition of George L. Craik's English of 8hnl;cspeare (1807). This led to the preparation of a com- plete edition of Shakespeare (40 vols., 1870-83), a revision of which began to appear in 1003. He also edited the Select Poems of Goldsmith (1875), of Oral/ (1870). and of Temn/son (1884); The Princess (1884); Mrs. Broioning's Sonnets from the Portuguese (1887); Enoch Arden and Other Poems (1887) ; Scott's Com- plete Poems (1887): A Blot in the 'Scutcheon and Other Dramas of Brou-ning (1887) ; Byron's Childe Harold (1887); Minor Poems of Milton (1887) ; Macaulay's Lays of Ancient Rome (1SS8); M'ordsu-orth. (1888); In Memoriam ( 1895) ; Idylls of the King (1890) ; and a com- plete edition of Tennyson (10 vols., 1898). Other books are: ShaUespeare the Boy (1896); The Elementary Study of English (1896); Life of Shakespeare (1901) ; and A Satchel Guide to Europe, published anonymously for twenty-seven years. ROLL, rol, Alfred Philippe (1847—). A French genre and portrait painter of the Natural- istic School, born in Paris. He was the pupil of Harpignies, Gerome, and Bonnat. Many of his subjects are tal<en from the life of the peasant. These include "The Strike" (1880), in the Mu- seiun of Valenciennes and "Work" (1885). "The Centenary of the 5th of May, 1779, at Versailles." "War" (1887), and "The National Fete of the 14th of July, 1880," are other nota- ble canvases, which show his power of depicting several figures in action. He was influenced by tlie Impressionists to the extent that he rarely painted any figure except out of doors. His "In Normandy" (1883) ; "Manda Lametrie, fer- mi&re" (1888), in the Luxembourg; "The Exo- dus"; and the superb "Woman with a Bull" I 1889) are examples of his delicate handling of light. His skill as a draughtsman is best ex- hibited in "The Joys of Life" (1892-90), a decorative painting in the Hotel de Ville, Paris. He also painted portraits. Con.sult Foureaud, L'wuvre de Alfred Philippe Roll (Paris, 1890). ROLLE, rol. Richard, of Hampole (c.1290- 1349). An English recluse and author, bom at Thornton, in Yorkshire. He studied theology at Oxford, but he left the university at the age of nineteen, and became a hermit. He moved about in the north, settling eventually in a cell at Ham- pole, near Doncaster. He was famed for his learning, preaching, and holy life. RoUe com- posed many treatises both in Latin and in Eng- lish, some of which yet remain in manuscript. His English works, written in the Northumbrian dia- lect, were widely read. Most popular was The Pricke of Conscience (ed. R. Morris for the Philo- logical Society, 1803), a poem of 9024 lines rhym- ing in pairs. It gives a complete view of human life from the extreme ascetic standpoint. Other English works by Rolle are a paraphrase of the Psalms and Canticles (ed. by Bramley, Oxford, 1884) : English Prose T7-eati.'ies, ten in number (edited by" Perry for the Early English Text Society, London," 1800) ; and the Miscellanies edited by Horstmann. under the title Richard Rolle of Hampole and His Followers (2 vols., London, 1895-96). Two of the Latin treatises— De Emendatione Titer and De Incrndio Amoris, translated into English Iiy Richard Misyn in the fifteenth centurv. were edited by R. Hardy for the Early English Text Society "(London, 1896). Rolle's English works are of great philological interest as specimens of the English written in the North. ROLLER. A bird of the family CoraciidiE, related to tlie broadmouths, todies, and motmots. All the many rollers are inhabitants of the warm and forested parts of the Old World, and are noted for gorgeous coloring. They take their name from a habit of tumbling in the air like a tumbler-pigeon, and have a curious habit of tossing their food, which consists of insects and parts of plants, into the air. and catching it in their mouths. One only is found in Europe, the