the philosophy of roligiou reference may be made to Cairil, Iiit'iuiliivlion to the I'hihsophy of Reliyiun clii I'd.. 1-oiuloii, 188'J); llarlmaim, 7^liilioiisphilosoiihic (Leipzig. 1888): Lolze, Giiind2u<ie tier Htliijioiisphilusopliic (ib., 1882, Eug. trans, by Ladd, lioston. 1885); Pllcidorer, I'hiluxopliy iiitd Divelopmcnt of Religion {Eng. trans., Kdiiduirjrli, 1899); Sabatier, Esquisse d'ttiie philosophie de la religion d'upies la psi/chologie ct I'hisluire ((ith ed., Paris, 1901. Enj;. trans.. London. 1897); Siebeek, Leiirbiich der Religionsphilosophic (Freiburg, 1897). As additional general manuals may be mentioned: D'Alviella, I II I rod net ion a Vhistoire gen&ah des religions (Hrussels, 188G); Jevons, Introduction to the History of Religion (London. 189G); K^villc, I'rolcyonicnes de I'histoire dts 7'eligions (Paris, 1881. Kng. trans, by Squire. London. 1884). Special topics of importance are treated in i'razer, Tolcmism (London. 1887): id.. The (lolden Bough (-id ed.. ib.. lltOO); Hartland. I.cgcnd of Perseus (il)., 1894-90): Lang. Myth, Ri'luiil, and Religion (:id ed., il)., 1899); id.. Magic und Religion (ib.. 1901); Taylor. Ancient Ideals (New York, 1890); R^ville, Les religions des peuples non eicili-ses (Paris, 188.3, with bibliographies); Tylor, Primitive Vulture (2d ed.. London, 1878); Roskoft', Rcligionsicesen der rohesten X/iliirriilker (Leipzig. 1880). The two most important periodicals devoted to comparative religion are the Rrrue de I'hisfoire des religions (Paris, 1880 et seq.), and the Archie fiir Religionsicissensehdft (Froil)urg, 1898 et seq.). Discussions of individual religions not treated under special titles are contained in Reville, Religions du Mexique, dc I'Amerique centrale et du P&roii (Paris, 1885); Abeghian, Arnienischer Volksglaube (Leipzig, 1899); Leger. Mythologie slave (Paris. 1901): D'Arbois de .Jubainville. Le cercle mythologi<ine irlandais et la mythologie celtique (ib., 1884): Rhys, Celtic Heathendom (London, 1S8(!|. See also Buddhism; Chinese Empire, section on Religion; Confucius; Demonology; Druid; Egypt, section on Religion; Fetishism; Ghosts; Greek Religion; India, section on Ancient Religion; Jainism: Magic: Mexican Archaeology; MoHAMMEDANISM; MYTHOLOGY; NaTUBE WORSHIP; Persian Mythology; Peruvian Antiquities; Phallicism; Priest; Roman Religion; Sacrifice; Shamanism; Shinto; Superstition; Swastika: Taboo; Taoism; Scandinavian and Teutonic Mythology; Totemism; Zoroastrianism; and the bibliographies and cross-references under these titles.
RELIGIOUS EDUCATION.See Schools.
RELIGIOUS ORDERS.See Orders: Monasticism.
RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. In a legal sense, those corporations formed for the advancement of religion or the administration of churcli property for religious purposes. To the eflorts of religious corporations in the Middle Ages to acquire vast holdings of land was due the enactment of the various Statutes of Mortmain (q.v.). Most of the States of the United States now have general laws governing the formation of religious corporations and defining their powers. (Jenerally there is no limit to their power of acquiring land for church purposes and all their property used directly for church or religious purposes is exeiupt from taxation. See Corporation; Canon Law: and compare Civil CiHRcii Law and Cluu.
RELIQUARY (ML. reliquare, reliquarium, from Lat. reliquice, remains). A case or box to contain relics. Reliquaries are made of all kinds of materials, such as wood, iron, stone, ivory, silver, enamel, gold, and crystal, and are frequently ornamented with costly jewels. Shrines are of" the .same description, but are on a larger scale and are permanent. As a class they are the most consummate masterpieces of mediaeval minor, artists, especially among the metal-workers. Some of the cathedral and church treasuries still possess numerous mediieval reliquaries, for example. San Marco at Venice, and the cathedrals of Aix-la-Chapclle and Cologne. The relicpiary in the form of a church at the Cathedral of Orvieto is one of the most wonderful ])ieces of thirteenth-century goldsmith work, with exquisite details. The Romanesque and Gothic ])eriods were the golden age of such work (eleventh to fifteenth centuries). At first the Rhenish and Flemish schools were easily preeminent, but in the thirteenth century Italy and France surpassed the northern schools. Reliquaries were of many shapes. Thej' often took the form of the relic they contained, such as a hand, a foot, or a head. They were nearly always decorated with minute figures in relief or even statuettes, or with colored enamels and ornamental designs. The Renaissance led to a complete decadence.
RELIQUES OF ANCIENT ENGLISH POETRY. A collection of old ballads and lyrics (1705), taken by Thomas Percy from an old manuscript of the early seventeenth century, which he found at a friend's house in Shiftnal, Shropshire. These ballads he altered and polislied to suit the taste of his age. for which he was severel.y criticised. Ritson charged Percy with forged and garbled versions of many ballads, and even questioned the existence of the manuscript. This, however, was proved by an edition from the original in 1868 by Hales and Furnivall. In spite of Percy's inaccurate and unscholarly work, the Reliques has been a source of pleasure for generations and marks the revival of taste for romantic poetry.
REL'LY, James (c.1722-78). A Universalist minister. He was born at .Teffrcston, Pembrokeshire, Wales, was converted under Whitefield in 1741, and became an itinerant Methodist preacher. Being convinced that TTniversalism was true, he parted company with the Methodists, and preached inde])endently in various places. In 1761 he settled in London and pi-eached there, without nuich success. It was, however, under him that .Tohn Murray (q.v.). the Apostle of Univer-alisni in the United States, was converted. REMAINDER (OF. remaindre, remain, from Lat. remanere. to remain, from re. back + manere, to stay). The fee tail, the life estate, and the term of years are conceived of as being less in quantity than a fee simple (see Estate), and the gift of such an estate leaves .something—some part of the fee simple—undisposed of, which may remain, or revert back, to the grantor (in which case it is called a reversion), or ma.v be given by the same deed which creates the lesser estate to a third person as a remainder. There may. indeed, be any number of remainders, one
