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BOS£. 202 BOSE. trcllisrs, walls, arelios, arbors, etc. Hut il is as a rut llowor llial (lie rose is I'luincnt; it is far more useful fur (u-rsoiuil adorimirnl anil house (loioratiou tluiu for In nutifviuj; (lie ijarilpn. UosK DiSK.vsKS. Among llie ilisoascs owurring on roses grown outdoors are: Leafblijjlit (.Icfino- m'liia nisii), whieli i)roiluces black enlarging spots upon the ip|)er surfaces of the leaves, which turn yellow and fall; leaf-spot (Ccr- coxpora losaTola) , which tonus dark red or nearly black spots with distinct <;rayish-brown centres as they grow older; niiUlew (.S'/i/kcto- Ibeca pannona), which checks (he growth of the young shoots and dwarfs the leaves, while a white powdery growth covers the leaves and stunts the plants; and rust {Pliniyiiiidiiim iiui- cronatiiiii) . which attacks all the green parts of the plant, causing reddish or yellow snots which increase in size until the leaves fall oil'. All diseased parts should he collected and burned and the plants well sprayed throughout the season with a clear fungicide (q.v.). Of these diseases, leaf-hlight and mildew occur in green- houses, and may he treated with powdered or evaporated (not burned) sulphur. Consult: Bailey, ( 'i""/"''" of American Horti- cullurc (Xew York! 11I00-02) : Ellwanger. The Kosc (ib.. 18!>;{) : Hole. ,1 fiooA- About Roses (London, 1804) ; .Tekyll and Jlawley. lioscs for Ennlish (lariiciis (ib., 1!H)2) ; Hatton, Secrets of h'o'sc Culture ( Huntiitgton, N. Y.. 1891). A list of books in dilVcrcnt languages on roses and their culture is given bv 'crgara in ISihlioiirnfiu de In rosa (Madrid, 1802). ' KOSE, Dkdkr of Tiiic. A Brazilian civil and military order of merit with six classes, founded in 1820 by l)om I'edro 11, The medallion on the six-armed cross of white enamel bears Ihe initi:ils P. A. with the inscription Amor <• Fitielidiiiii- : on the reverse are the date of foundation and the names I'eitro-Ametin in reference to Pedro's mar- riage with Princess Auialie of Leuehtenberg. The rilil'on is pink with two white stripes. KOSE. t'liviNi'i-n- (1704-1877). An American philanthro]>ist. born in Wcthersfield. Coiui. He removed to the West in 1817 and settled in Terre Haute. He was active in promoting many indus- trial enterprises, chief among which was the building of the Indianapolis and TVrre Haute Railroad. Having come into possession of his brother's estate, of the value of about $l,liOO,000, he resolved to carry out his brother's wishes expressed in a defective will by devoting the mone.v to philanthropic enterprises. He gave large sums both from this estate and from his owii fortune to schools, hospitals, asylums, and other charities in New Y'ork. Terre Haute, and elsewhere. His chief benefaction was made to the Rose Polytechnic Institute at Terre Haute, which he organized in 1874. KOSE, (iKORiiE ( 1S17-82K An English huiuor- ist who wrote under the pseudonym "Arthur Sketchlev." He was born in London. After re- ceiving his degree from Magdalen College. Ox- ford, in 184S, he took orders in the . glican Church. In lSo."> he went over to the t^hurch of Rome. From 1S5S to 181!;! he was tutor to the Duke of Norfolk. Turning to literature, he pro- duced several light comedies, which met with success. He became widely known for his iiiuuer- ous monologues on current topics purporting to be the views of Mrs. Brown, an illiterate old woman. They bore titles such as "Mrs. Brown's "isit to the Paris Kxposition" (ISti"), on "The .Mabama t'laims" (1872), and on "Home Paile" (1881). 'I'licy were begun in li'oulledye's Aiiuutil (ISOli), and continucil in /•'»;(. Rose traveled round the W'Orld, reading from these monologues. As a result of a visit to the I'nited (States ( 1867) he published the next year The (Jreat Country. He also wrote two novels, A Match in the Dark (1878) and A Marriat/c of Conscience (1870). He died in London, November 11, 1882. BOSE, rO'zc. CiuSTAV (17081873). A Cernian mineralogist, born in Berlin. He was a brother of lleinrich Itose. and. like him. studied in Berlin, and under Berzelius in Stockluilni. He was a])- pointed curator of niinenils in the uuiseuni of Berlin University in 1822. professor in lS2(i. and director of the Mineralogieal Museum in 185(>. Rose accompanied Humboldt through Siberia in 1820, and, with Jlilscherlich, examined Vesu- vius and Ktna in 1850 and the extinct volcanoes of Southern France in 18.52. He attempted to show a close relationship between electrical polarity and crystal form, aiul therefore urgeii that the fiumation of crystals was in no way causally connected with pliysieal surroundings. This system is set forth in his Kriitilallucliemi- sclics Mincralsjistem (18.')2). His other works include: Elementc rf<V Krislnlloffrapltie (1833; continued by Sadebeck and Websky) ; licschrei- huuf/ und I'intcilunri der Meteoriten (18l!4) ; and lristallisati<in der Uiiimanteii (1870). BOSE, HeiiNkicu ( 170.")- 18ti4 ) . A German chem- ist. He was born in Berlin. He studied chemistry in Berlin, in Stockliolm under Berzelius, and in Kiel, and became professor in Berlin in 1823. He lievoted himself to analytical chemistry, and m;>y be considered its founder. He made es|iecial study of the rarer elements, was first to isolate many substances, and in 1844 discovered the metallic element uioliium or eoUnnbium. Hose made valu- able contributions to PoggeiidortV's Annalen and wrote a standard Handbuch der analj/tischcn Chemie (lSr>l. and after). Consult the biography by Rammelsberg (Berlin, IStiti). BOSE, Hrou IIkxry, Baron Strathnairn. See SrK.riiN.mN. BOSE, Ilioii J.MES (179r.-lS.3S). A Church of England theologian, and one of the founders of the Tractarian movement. He was born near London, at Kittle Horsf(n'd, educated at Trinity College. Cambridge: ord:ined deacon in 1818 and jiricst a year later; and became in 1818 curate of Buxsted. Sussex, and in 1821 of Horsham, Sussex; ]uebendaiy of Chichester. 1827-33; rec- tor of Hadleigh. s'utTolk. 1830. and of Fairstead and Werley in 1833, leaving the last for Saint Thomas. Scmlbwark, 1837. In 1833 he was made professor of divinity in the I'niversity of Dublin. bit ill health compelled his resignation the next year; in 183ti he became |U'incipal of Kiitg's Col- lege. London, but again ill health shortened his service, and he left England in October and died in Florence. He |)ublished Christianilif Alu-ai/s I'roirrcssire (1820). yotiees of the Mosaic Lair (1831), The aospcl an Abidinii tii/stem (1832). He was a fine Greek scholar; but his memory survives rather from his association with the great leaders of the Oxford Movement (q.v.) in its earlier stages. Consult his biography in Burgon, Lives of Tieclre Good Men (London, 1888).