Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/329

EOSENTHAL-BONIN. ROSENTHAL-BONIN, Hugo (1S4()!)7). A (Jcriiiun novi'lisl. biuii in Meiliu. Alter stiulyini; there and in Paris iiliilosi)])hy and the natural seienees. he traveled extensively as a nierehant, then settled in .Switzerland and in 1871 at Stutt- gart, where he became associate editor of Uebcr Land itiul Mcer and in 1889-94 edited Yum Fcls zittii Meet: His best known novels include: Ver Bcrnsteinsucher (1880), Die Thicrhiindigerin ( 1884), Schwarze Schatten ( 18S4), and Das Bans mil den zwei Eingiinycn (1888). The collections of stories Der Heiratsduinin and Anderes (1870) and Interirdisch t'eiier (1879) were translated into most of the European languages. ROSE OF JERICHO, Resurrection Plant {Amislatiai hicrochuntica) . A small Arabian herb of the natural order Crueiferse. After llowering the leaves fall off, and the branches become in- curved toward the centre, so that the ijlant be- comes almost globular. In this state it is often blown about by the wind. When it happens to be blown into water, the branches expand again, the pods open and let out the seeds. If taken up be- 297 and ROSES. HOSE OF JERICHO. d, Dried condition. fore it is quite withered, the plant retains for years its hygroscopic property of contracting in drought and expanding in moisture. ROSE OF LIMA, Saint (1.580-1617). The first American saint. She was born at Lima, Peru, April 20. 1586, and from an early age gave herself to a life of extraordinary austerities and self-mortifieations. At the age of 20 she took the veil as a sister of the Third Order of Saint Dominic. She died at Lima. August 24, 1617. In 1669 she was named patron of "America and the Indies," and was canonized by Clement X. in 1671. Her day is August 30. The chief source for her life is the Yita Hancl(B liosw by the Dominican Hemsen (German trans., 2d ed., Eegensburg, 1 863 ) . ROSE OF SHARON. A name variously ap- plied to the autunm crocus {Colcliicum autniii- luile) , to Polyanthus Narcissus {Xarcissus Tazct- ta ) . and, in America, to the Syrian hibiscus {Hibiscus syriacus). See Ckocu.s ; Narcissus; Hibiscus. ROSE'OLA (Neo-Lat., from Lat. roseus. rosy, from rosa. rose). A name given to an eruption accompanying several diseases, such as erythema (iernian measles or rubeoln. Then- in a roseola ah iiii/estis which is due to iiite>tinul or gastric disturbances, and which rcHvmble.H very .closely the eruption t{ scarlet fever. ROSE POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE. A school of cnginccritig at I'crrc llaiilc liid.. found- ed in 1874 by C'hauncey Kose (q.v.) and »|M-ni-d in 1883. Five parallel courses of study arc of- fered, in mechanical, electrical, and "civil en- gineering, architecture, and d istry, each iic eupying four years. The live courses are identical during the first term of the freshman year, after which each student must elect between two groups. The degree of Bachelor of Science is con- ferred on all graduates, and that of .Master of Science for at least one year's graduate w<irk. The degree of Mechanical. Electrical, or i:ivil Kngineer is granted to holders of the Master's degree, after two years in tin' practice of their profession. In 1903 there were 20r> students and a faculty of 20 instructors. The institute occu- pies ten acres and has four buildings, valued with the gnninds at $18,"),000. Its library con- tained 11,000 volumes. The productive funds amounted to $600,000, and the gross income was $50,000. ROSE QUARTZ. A variety of quartz, usual- ly crystallized, but sometimes foimd massive. It has a delicate i)iiik or llesh color, due to the presence of minitc (piantities of manganese or titanium oxide. It is valued as an ornamental stone, and the larger pieces are made into vases, while the smaller fragments are used for jewels, seals, etc. The variety possessing a bright re<l color is sometimes called 'Uohemian ruby.' ROSES, Wars of the. The series of civij wars in England between the rival houses of Lancaster and York in the latter half of the fif- teenth century. The struggle owed its name to the fact that the badge of the House of Uin- eastcr was a red rose, and that of the House of York a white rose. The House of Lancaster had obtained tlic throne of England in 1399 by an act of Parliament, which had deposed Kichard II. and given the crown to his c(uisiii Henry IV. During the reigns of Henry I'. and Henry '. there was no open discontent, for the country was prosperous and under the latter King the military successes in France pleased the na- tional pride. But when Henry V. died in 1422 he left as heir a child of nine months, Henry VL, who, when he grew to man- hood, proved to be weak physically and mentally. Moreover, the country was exasperated by the loss of the French possessions (.see Hi NnREIi Y'ears' War), and the poor were in dire ilistrcss on account of the excessive taxation. I'nder such circumstances the people liegan to look (o Kich- ard, Duke of York, wlio, descended from Lionel. the second son of Edward III.. ha<l. if hereditary right was to be regarded, belter claims to the throne than Henry VI. . descended from .John of Gaunt, the fourth son of Edward III. The first armed demonstration was .lack Cade's HeU'llion (1450), which began in Kent and was directed against the favorites of Henry VI. The chief demand of the insurgents was that the govern- ment .should be placed in the hands of the Dtike of York. This rising was easily suppressed, but in 1453 Henry VI. became insane, and in 1454 the Duke of York was declared Protector. Henry VT., however, soon recovered his reason, and