Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/336

f BOSSELLI. 304 ROSSETTI. Baldovinctti. Amouj; his own pupils were Fra Barto Coiiimeo ami Pieio di Cosimo. In 1480 he was callt'd to Rome by Pope Sixtus I'. to assist in decorating the Sistine Chapel (with BigordI, Perugino. and Sipnorelli) . The best of the fres- coes whieh he then executed is "The Sermon on the Mount." He painted there also "The Tables of the Law," "The Destruction of Pharaoh," "Christ Preaching from the Lake," and "The Last Supper" (1482). Among his more numerous works in Florence are "The Coronation of the Virgin" (Sta. Maria Maddalena dei Pazzi) and "The Miraculous Chalice" (Sanf Anibrogio). The latter contains among other portraits that of Pico della Mirandola. Besides others in Flor- ence there are also examples of his art in many German galleries, and in London, Naples, Ox- ford, Paris, and Saint Petersburg. ROSSELLINI, ru'zel-le'ne. The. A surname applied to two early Renaissance sculptors and architects of Florence, Antonio and Beknardo DI Matted di Domenico Gambarelli ( 1427- C.1478 and 1400-(;4). They were the youngest and eldest respectively of five brothers Gambarelli, stone-cutters of Settignano, who established them- selves at Florence in 1439. The appellation Ros- sellino ju'operly belonged to Antonio, but was afterwards extended to his more famous elder brother. Bernardo was the pupil of Alberti and possibly of Donatello. His tomb of Leonardo Bruni (Aretino) in Santa Croce (1444) is one of his best works in sculpture and the prototype of the fifteenth-century Florentine tombs. The tombs of Beata Villan'a (1451) in Santa Maria Novella and of Filippo Lazzari in San Domenico -of Pistoia (with his brother) are also note- worthy pieces of sculpture. It was in architec- ture, however, that Bernardo made his fame. Under the popes Nicholas V. and Pius II. he ■was employed in many of the chief works of the day. He planned extensive changes in the Vati- can and made designs for Saint Peter's which were afterwards used and changed by Braraante. The Rucellai Palace in Florence '(14.50), the Piccolomini palaces at Siena (finished 1498) and Pienza ( 1402) . were also his work, as well as the cathedral, the bishop's palace, and the city hall of the last named town (1460-63). the fortifica- tions of Civita Vecehia, Narni, Orrieto. Spoleto, and restorations of numerous churches in Rome and elsewhere. — Antonio was the pupil of his brother Bernardo and perhaps of Desiderio da Settignano. His work was almost exclusively in sculpture, although the Chapel of San Miniato, which contains his masterpiece, the tomb of Car- dinal Jacopo di Portogallo (1461), is .said to have been built by him. Other noteworthy tombs are those of the Ducliess of Arno (Monte Oli- veto, Naples), and of Roverella (with Baroeci, San Giorgio, Ferrara, 147.5). His also is the rich fountain of the Villa di Castello on the hills aboe Florence, near San Miniato; a figure of Saint Sebastian (1457), at Empoli, which has been called one of the most beautiful of its cen- tury; the sarcophagus of Saint Marcolinus at Fori! ; and other works at Florence. Naples, and Pistoia. Consult: Geymiiller-Stegraann. Die Architektnr der Renaissance in Toscana (Flor- ence, 1885-96) ; Miintz, Les arts a la cour des papes pendant le XV. et le XVI. siecle (Paris, 1878-98) ; and Vasari, Ldves, etc., ed. Blashfield- Hopkins (New York, 1896). BOS'SER, TiioiiAs Lafayette ( 183G— ) , An American soldier and civil engineer, born in Campbell County, Va., and reared in Texas. He entered the United States Military Academy in 1856 and resigned in 1861, before graduating, to enter the artillery of the Confederate Army. After a year's service in this branch, he was trans- ferred to Stuart's cavalry; and in the same year he was promoted to be brigadier-general in com- mand of the 'Laurel Brigade.' Rosser became major-general in 1864, and in 1805 refused to surrender with Lee, but made his escape and at- tempted to reorganize the Confederate forces in northern Virginia. He was captured soon after, and after his release studied law. In 1871 he was apjiointed chief engineer of the Eastern Di- vision of the Northern Pacific. As chief engineer of the Canadian Pacific (1881 et seq.) he built most of the line west of Winnipeg; and in 1880 retired to Virginia. During the war with Spain Rosser served as brigadier-general of United States Volunteers. ROSSET'TI, Christina Georgina (1830-94). An Englisli poet, younger daughter of Gabriele Rossetti, and sister of Dante Gabriel Rossetti. She was born in London, and was educated at home under the care of her mother. After a life of de- votion and retirement, she died December 29, 1894. The poetic impulse manifested itself early. She addressed a poem to her mother on the latter's birthday, April 27, 1842; sent two poems to the Athenwum in 1848. and contributed several beau- tiful lyrics to The Germ (1850). Her pub- lislied volumes of poems comprise mainly Verses (privately printed, 1S47); (lobliii Market, and Other Poems (1862); The Prince's I'rogress, and Other Poems (1866); A Pageant, and Other Poems (1881); Poems, new and enlarged edition (1891): Verses (1893); Xew Poems (posthu- mous, 1896). Of much interest, too. is Ulrnide: Prose and ]'erse (1850; reprint. 1897). She also wrote man}' devotional pieces in prose, which cir- culated widely. As a poet Christina Rossetti ranks higli ; her only equal among the English women of the nineteenth century was Mrs. Browning. She is seen at her very best in her short and intense lyrics like "After Death" and "Passing and Glass- ing." Consult her Poems (Boston. 18991, and Mackenzie Bell. Christina Rossetti. a Biotiraphi- cal and Critical ^tudy (London. 1S9S). Her sister, Maria Fr. cesc. (1827-76). was also a remarkable woman. She is known for her ad- mirable .1 Sliadou- of Dante (1871). ROSSETTI, Dante Gabriel (1828-82). A famous English poet and painter, the head of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. ( See Pre-Rapuael- ites.) He was born in London, May 12, 1828, the eldest son of Gabriele Rossetti (q.v. ). The lit- erary and artistic environment in which he was brought up was stimulating to the boy's pre- cocious powers, and at the age of six he had be- gun to compose dramatic scenes. After spending five years at King's College School and studying in Gary's art academy and in the Royal Academy, at twenty he becanie a ]iupil of Ford Madox Brown, whose influence had uuuh to do with his development. With Holman Hunt, ilillais. and others, Rossetti worked toward the revival of the detailed elaboration and mystical interpreta- tion that characterized Pre-Raphaelite art. In 1860 he married Elizabeth Eleanor Siddal, whose peculiar type of beauty he has immortalized in