Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/397

RURAL DEAN. 359 RUSHWORTH. pacy' in England, published just before the great rebellion (Ui40), advocated a plan for making the rural deans a sort of subordinate bishops, analogous to the c^iorc/jiico/ii of earlier times. The olliee was revived in Kngland during the nineteenth eentury, and its holders eharged with inspection of church work and organization as deputies of the archdeacon or bishop. .Some of the dioceses of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States have develojied a system of rural deaneries in which the clergy meet at stated times in convocation. .Similar ollieials in the modern Roman Catholic Church arc some- times known as rural deans, sometimes as viairii fOl'fllH i. RXJ'RIK. According to Xestor, the earliest Russian chronicler, the leader of a band of Xorthmen or Varangians, who, in response to an invitation extended by the Slavs ot Novgorod, .settled in that city in 8(32. Subsequently, Rurik established himself on Lake Ladoga, while his brothers, Sineus and Truvor, made themselves masters of the country around Lake Peipus and Bielo-ozero. On their death Rurik united the Varangian possessions under his rule. He died in 870 and was succeeded by his son Igor, whose descendants ruled in Russia till 1598, when the royal House of Rurik became extinct in the per- son of Feodor, son of Ivan IV., and was suc- ceeded bj' that of Romanofl". JIanj- noble families in Russia still claim descent from Rurik, See Russia. RUSH, Friar, A household sprite, somewhat resembling Robin Goodfellow, in the form of a mischievous demon, who once took service as scullion at a monastery and led the monies into evil ways. The German form of the name, Rausch, meaning intoxication, accounts for his characteristics. In L'AVcgro and ilarmion he is confused with Will o' the Wisp. RUSH, Benjamin (1745-1813). An Ameri- can physician and patriot, born at Byberry (now included in Philadelphia). Pa. He graduated at Princeton, 1700; received his medical degree abroad, and after studying in Edinburgh, Lon- don, and Paris was appointed professor of chem- istry in the Philadelphia Medical College (now the medical department of the L'niversity of Pennsylvania) in 1709. He was elected a mem- ber of the Continental Consrress, and was a signer of the Declaration of independence. He founded the Philadelphia Dispensary in 1785; and also, it is said, the "College of Physicians." which seems to have been consolidated with the I'niversity of Pennsylvania. He took part in 1780 in the formation of the new State Consti- tution, and was a member of the Pennsylvania convention for the ratifieation of the Federal Constitution. In 1789 he resigned his chair in the medical college for that of the theory and practice of medicine. He did efficient work dui-- ing the yellow fever epidemic of 1793. for which sen'ices he received testimonials from European sovereigns. He was appointed treasurer of the I'nitcd States Jlint at Philadelphia in 1799, and retained this position till his death. Rush was a founder of Dickinson College, vice-presi- dent of the Philadelphia Bible Society and of the American Philosophical Society, and president of the Philadelphia Medical Society, as well as of the Society for the Abolition of Slavery. He wrote much on medical topics. RUSH, RiciiAHU (17S018,J!t). An American lawyer, statesnnm, and di|iloMuit, born in I'liilu- deliihia, u son of Ur. Benjamin Knsh. He utad- uaU'd at Princeton in 1797, .studied law, and was admitted lo Itie bar in 1800. In l.sll lie was made .Vttorncytiencral of Pennsylvania, in the same year was appointed ComplrolUr uf the Inited States Treasury, and in 1SI4 lieeanie .l- torney-General of the" United Slates. In 1S17, after being for a short time .Seei-etary of State, he was sent as Minister to England', wliero he negotiated a nunilier of important treaties. Ho returned to the United States in 182.") to become Secretary of the Treasury. Three years latiT lie was a candidate for the Vice- Presidency on I lie ticket with .John t^uincy Adams, but "was de- feated. He be<'ame a Democrat in llu' early thirties, opposed the United Slates Hank, an"d ultimately gained considerable inlluence in the party. In 1835 he assisted in adjusting tlic boundary dispute between Jlicliigan and Ohio, ami next year was sent by President Jackson to Kngland to get the legacy left by .lames Sinitli- son for the building of the Smithsonian Insti- tution. From 1847 to 1851 he was .Minister to I'rauce, and he was the first foreign representa- tive to recognize the Republic of 1848, Hush superintended the j)ublicalion of The Laics of the Xation (5 vols., 1815), and wrote: Xarraticc of a Kenideitce at the Court of London from ISll till lS2o (1833) ; a second volume on the same work, "comprising incidents, official and |K'r- sonal. from 1819 till 1825" (1845: 3d cd. 1873) ; and ^Vashinglon in Domestic Life (1857). RUSH'DEN. A manufacturing town in Xorthamptonshirc. England, 4'-! miles southeast of Wellingborough (Map: England, F 4). Popu- lation, in'lSOl. 74.50; in 1901, 12,400. RUSH'VILLE. The county-seat of Rush County, Ind., 40 miles southeast of Indian- apolis; on Flat Rock (reck. ;uid on the Cincin- nati, Hamilton and Dayton, the Cleveland, Cin- cinnati, Chicago and St. Louis, the Lake Erie and Western, and other railroads (Map: Imliana, D 3). It has a public library and a handsome court house. The city is in an agricultural and horse-breeding section ; manufactures furniture, carriages, flour, and lumber products: and car- ries on considerable trade in grain. The water works and electric liglit plant are owned and operated by the muniiipality. Rushville was settled in 1820 and was chartered as a city in 1883. Population, in 1890, ,3475; in 1900, 4.541. RUSH'WOKTH, Tonx (c.U)l200). An Eng- lish liistoriaii. Uc was educated, according to Wood, at Oxford, and was called to the bar nt Lincoln's Inn in 1047. He spent much time for nuiny years in attending the Star Chamber, the Court "of Honour, the Exchecpier Chamber, and Parliament, and in making shorthand notes of the i)roceedings. He performed many important services during the Civil War, the t'omnionwealtli, and the Protectorate: was secretary to Lord Fairfax (1045-48): sat in five Parliaments for Berwick; became secretary (1007) to Sir Orlando Bridgeman, the Lord Kee|)er: late in life liis af- fairs became embarrassed, and he spent his last six years in the King's Bench Prison, Soiitli- wark. Rushwortli is known for his llinlnriml Collections of Private I'ussafies of f<tatr. Weifjhiii Matters of Law. Remarkable Proceedings in Five Parliaments, covering the period froiii 1CI8 to