Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/435

BYE. S95 RYE HOUSE PLOT. Ims not been found in Egyptian monuments, anil lias no name in ancient lanfruages. Its cul- tivation vvas known to the Konians in I'liiiy's time, but not to tile aiieicnt ti reeks. Kve is ex- tensively cultivated in Noitiiern Hurope, in some parts of Asia, and to some extent in North America. It does not grow as far north as bar- Icy, but succeeds in regions too cold for wlieat and on soils too poor for any other grain. It will ri]ien in colder latitudes than most other grains, but is most productive where wheat will ripen. It is adapted to light, sandy lands, and docs not thrive well on heavy, damp, humous soils. The varieties of rye, much less numerous than those of tlie other important cereals, may be classified into winter and s])ring varieties. The former, which are most frequently grown, are sown in autumn, the latter in spring. Cultural management is much the same as for other cere- als. Winter rye is usmilly ripe in June. Kye is also fvcipiently grown for green manuring on lands deticient in hunnis. A good crop of rye yields from 20 to 30 bushels of grain per acre. Russia is the greatest ryeproducing conn- try in the world, producing on 37 ]ier cent, of her total acreage of tillable land about 700.(10(1. ■ 000 busliels annually. The annual proiluction of rye in the I'nited States is about 24.000.000 bush- els, with an average yield of aliout 14 bushels per aci-e. See Colored Plate of Cere.vls. Food and Feedikg V.lue. In Europe rye ranks next to wheat as a breadstuff, but since its flour is darker than that of wheat and since the gluten of rye flour does not possess the .same elas- tic and tenacious quality as that of wheat, rye bread is darker and more com]iact than wheat bread. When the grain is milled entire — the usual wa.v — it contains more protein than wheat flour. Mixtures of wheat and rye flour and corn and rye are often made for bread-making; Kye bread has the following average percentage com- position: Water, 35.7; protein. 9.0; fat, O.G ; ni- trogen-free extract, 52.7; crude fibre, 0.5; and ash, 1.5. The fuel value is 11.80 calories per pound. Tile 'black bread' of Europe is made of rye. an especially dark form being known in North Germany as 'puuipernickel.' The various rye products have the following percentage composition: AVBBiOK PEBCENTAGE COMPOSITION OF RVE PRODCCTS, RYE. . town ill Westchester County, New York, eight iiiilis northeast of New Uoelielle; on the New York. New Haven unit Hart ford Uailroad (Map: New Vork, (; ,j). 11 includes the mniiu- facluring village of INut (. Iiesler (q.v.). Hye Beach, on Long Island .'^ound, has some repntii- tiou as a suninier resort. Population, in ISltO, 0477; in 1900, 12,81)1. Rye was settled in KltlO and was organized as a town under the jurisdic- tion of Connecticut in Ui(J,>. The bouiidaiy line at this jioint between Connecticut and New York was long disputed, and Uye was included within the limits of the former until lliH3, and again from 10117 to 1700. The .lay homestead is in Rye, and .lohn .lay spent his early life here. Consult Raird. Clirimictc uf a liorxitr Town, His- tonj of It fir (New York, IH71). RYE-GRASS (Lolium). A genus of grasses, having a two rowed, flatly compressed spike, the spikclets a])pressed edgewise to the rachis. Com- mon rye-grass, ray-grass, or perennial rye-gra.ss (Lolium parennc) , is frequent in meadows and ]>astures, and is highly valued in Europe, where it is the most iioimlar grass for finage and hay. In North America it is less esteemed than tim- othy for either pasture or hay. It succeeds well on ])oor soils. Of the numerous varieties eonunon ]iereiinial rye-grass is most generally cultivated. A form called annual rye-grass — not really an annual plant, although useful for only one year — is sometimes cultivated, but is in almost every respect infeijior. Italian rye-grass (Lolium tniil- ti/lorum ) is much esteemed as a forage and hay grass in .Southern Europe, where it is native, and in the Eastern United States. It is preferred by cattle to common ryegrass. The young leaves are folded u|). wliiU' those of the comnion rye-grass are rolled together. In the Tnited States this species is especially esteemed in the I'last. It grows rajiidly, forms :i dense turf, and upon good soils yields several cuttings in a season. It is readily distinguished from all forms of perennial rye-grass by its awned or licniiled s)iikclcts. RYE HOUSE PLOT. .. conspiracy in 1(;S3, among extremists of the Whig Party, to waylay and assassinate King Charles II. of England on his return from Newmarket, at a house called the Water Pro- tein Fat Nitrogen tree extract Crude llbro Ash Per ct. 11.6 13.1 11.6 9.3 76.0 8.6 Pfir ct. 1(1.0 0.7 U.7 18.0 2.6 9.8 Per H. 1.7 U.8 8.8 2.8 0.6 2.3 Per ct. 72.6 78.3 113.8 69.9 6.8 43.4 Perct. 1.7 0.4 3.6 6.1 11. «  30.1 Pern. 1.9 0.7 3.6 8.9 1.8 S.» .s regards eomjjosition. the rye grain does not differ materially from wheat. It has been urged that, as rye is often afTected with ergot, it is not a wholesome food for animals. This objection cannot be urged of clean rye. and the fact that it has been so long used as food by man without harmful results indicates that there is nothing in the grain itself which would render it harm- ful. RYE. A small seaport towii of Sussex, Eng- land, one of the Cinque Ports (q.v.). Vol. xvri.— 26. Rye House farm, whence the plot got its name. It was frustrated and discovered owing to the fact that the house which the King occupied nt Newmarket took fire accidentally and the King in consequence left the jilace eight days sooner than was expected. The indignation excited by the Rye House plot was taken adv:intagc of by the Royalists to im|)licate the whole Whig Party, and among those who suffered death for alleged com- plicity were Lord William Russell and Algernon Sidney (qq.v.).