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SADI. 417 SACTLEB. teem in Persia. It is divided into eight 'gates,' which sj-mbolize the eight doorways of Paradise, and which treat of tin- customs of kings, of the muiaU of dcrvislios, of the preciousnoss of con- tentment, of the honclit of silence, of love and youth, of imbecility and old age, of the impres- sions of education, and of the duties of society. The lyric poetry of Sadi was voluminous. It comprised Qasidus or eulogies, both in Arabic and in Pirsian, Math^vis or elegies, highly artificial (lluizdls or sonnets, the Suhibhiyah or Book of the First Jlinister, forming a manual of state- craft, besides quatrains and distichs. and the Mtituyabat or Jests (also called XiihiBat or Fa- cetia>), which are obscene in character and were written despite their author's protest at the com- mand of his patron. The editions of the collected •works of Sadi usually contain also si.K (or seven) prose works called I'isrHas or Missions, at- tributed to him, which are ethico-didactic in content. A Faitd-ni'nnah or Book of Counsel, modeled on a poem of Farid-ud-Din 'Attar (q.v.), bearing the same name, is also often attril)utcd to him, but is probably spurious. The Kultlyiit or collected works of Sadi were edited by Harring- ton (Calcutta, 1791-95), and have been repeat- edly published in the East both with and with- out commentaries. The Bustuii was edited by Graf (Vienna, 1850), and translated into English l>y Clarke (London, 1879) and Davie (ib., 1882). The Gulistaii was edited by Eastwick (Hertford. (1850), .Johnson (ib., 1863"), and Platts (London, 1874). It was the earliest of all Persian litera- ture to be introduced into Europe, being trans- lated into French by du Kyer in l(i.34. English translations have been made bv Ross (London, 1823; reprinted, ib., 1890), Ea.stwick (Hertford, 1852; new ed., London, 1880), Platts (London, 1873), the Kama Shastra Society (Benares, 1888), and Arnold (London, 1899). Partial editions or translations of his lyric poetry have been made bv Barb (Vienna, 185(3), Gudemann (Breslau, 18.58), Bacher ( Strassburg. 1879), and Riickert (Berlin, 1893-94). Consult: Neve, Le pocte Sadi (Louvain, 1881) ; Eth^, "Neu- persische Litteratur," in Geiger and Kuhn, Orimdriss dcr iranischcn Philologie, vol. ii. (Strassburg, 1896). SADI-CARNOT, sa'de' kar'n^. See C.rnot. SAD'LER, Sir P>.LPH (1507-87). An English diplomat. He was born at Hackney, near Lon- don, received a classical education, became early associated with Cromwell, Earl of Essex, and through liis patronage was employed by Henry VIII. in the dissolution of the monasteries, and afterwards on diplomatic missions to Scotland. He was knighted for his gallantry in rallying the repulsed English cavalry at the battle of Pinkie in 1547, and was named in the King's will one of the 12 councilors to the commission of 16 nobles to wliom the government was given. Elizabeth called him to the Pri-y Council; made him a jailer of Mary Queen of Scots at Tutbury Castle, and after her execution sent him in 1587, shortly before his death, on a mission of recon- ciliation to James VI. of Scotland. Consult The State Papers and Letters of Sir Ralph Sadler, Knifiht Banneret, edited by A. ClifTord. with bio- graphical memoir by Sir Walter Scott (2 vols., London, 1809). SADLER'S WELLS THEATRE. A theatre in Clerkenwell, London, built in 1764 and recon- .structed in 1876. The theatre is so called from a previous ])lace of amusement on the site, opene<i in the latter part of the seventeenth century by one .Sadler, after discovering an ancient mineral well, formerly renowned for its curative projier- ties, but long choked up. SADLIEB, sA.l'ler, Mary An.nk (Madden) (1820-1903). A Canadian author, born in Coote- hill, County Cavan, Ireland. In Canada she mar- ried in 1846 .Tames Sadlier. She translated sev- eral devotional works, especially Dc Ligny'a Life of the HIessed Virgin; and wrote Irish his- torical novels, of which The Confederate Chief- tains is the best known, and such novels of Irish immigrants in Canada as ^VH^y liurke and Eleanor I'rcslon. SADO, sil'dA. A Japanese island (latitude 38= N., longitude 138° 45' E.) otf the western shore of the main island, Hondo, nearly opposite Niigata (Map: Japan, F 4). It is 335 square miles in extent. Two mountain ranges, from northeast to southwest, with a cultivated valley between them, constitute the island. The prin- cipal formation is limestone. Chalk, which is rare in the rest of .Japan, is common here. The island was used as a place of banishment in the past. The capital is Aikav:i, a poor town with a population of about 15,000. The chief harbor is Eleisu Minato, on the eastern coast. The island belongs administratively to the Prefecture of Xiigata. Population, in" 1898, 114,756. SADOWA, s;i'd6-v4. Battle of. The name commonly given by French and English writers to the decisive battle of the Seven Weeks' War (q.v.), fought on July 3, 1866, and known to the Germans as the battle of Kiiniggriitz. The Austrian army, with the Sa.xon contingent of 21,000 men, numbered about 200,1)0(1. under the command of Benedek, and occupied a strong position behind the Bistritz, some seven or eight miles northwest of Kiiniggriitz. The Prussians numbered about 221,000 men, under the com- mand of King William I. of Prussia, who di- rected the fighting from a hillock near the village of Sadowa. At 8 o'clock on the morning of July 3d the Prussians crossed the Bistritz and the First Army delivered an attack in front while the Second Army was sent to operate against the enemy's right. The Prussian centre met with stubborn resistance and after six hours' fighting had i)roduced no effect on the Austrian lines. The movement on the left, how- ever, had succeeded, and soon after 2 o'clock in the afternoon the Austrian right was in im- minent danger. A concerted attack by the Prus- sian left and centre resulted in the capture of Chlum. the key of the .ustrian ])ositiou. and by 4 o'clock the battle had Ix'in decided, though desperate fighting continued until after night- fall. The Austrians and Saxons lost more than 1450 ollicers and 43,000 men in killed, wounded, and prisoners, while the Prussian loss amounted to 360 officers and 8800 men. Omsult Jahns, Die Sehlaeht lei Kiinigyriilz (Leipzig. 1876). SADTLER, siit'ler. Samuel Piin.ir (1847—). An American chemist, born at I'ini' Grove, Pa., and educated at Pennsylvania College (class of 1867), at Lehigh I'niversity. at Lawrence Scien- tific School, and in the I'niversity of Gilttingen. He was professor of natural science in Pennsyl- vania College from 1871 to 1874, professor of chemistry in the L'niversity of Pennsylvania, and