Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/468

SAIGA. 428 SAIL. rope as Inte as the time of Paleolithic niiin, and was doubtless one of the objects of his chase. ]ts reuiains are common in caves of France and Belgium, and have been found in Great Britain, and at least one sketch of tlie head of the animal lias been ftnind upon a bone. SAICMDN. sI'fiOn'. The capital of the French possession of Cochin-China, on the River Saigon, in latitude U)* 50' N. and longitude 100° 32' E. (Map: Asia, K 7). It is forty miles from the coast. Its excellent harbor makes it accessible to the largest steamers. The city is in three parts: Government town, the colony, and the native town. The European portion is elegantly built with broad, regular streets and fine public buildings, including the cathedral, Glovernor's Palace, the Palace of Justice, hospital, and Chamber of Commerce. Two fine gardens over- look the town, the Governor's and botanical, the latter containing a noteworthy collection of plants. There are two colleges, an arsenal, a fine dry dock, machine shops, foundries, three banks, and two steam rice mills. Communica- tion with the world is amply provided by cables and steamship lines. Most of the commerce is ' at Cholon, four miles distant, and connected with Saigon by steam tramways. It is a great rice market and has a number of large rice mills. Its population in 1001 was about 127.000, chiefly Annamese and Chinese. The population of Sai- g(m in IflOO was nearly 51,000, including over 3000 Europeans. Saigon was the capital of Cochin-China while it was still under native rule. The French captured it in 1858, and it safety by his own clan to the island of Oshima (q.v.). In 1803 he was recalled and placed at the head of the Provincial Government. In the civil war which resulted in 1808 in the abolition of the Shogunate, he was found fighting with dis- tinction on the Imperial side. In 1873 he was named commander-in-chief of the land forces, but ere long, becoming dissatisfied with the new Government and its adoption of so many foreign ideas, he retired to Kagoshima. Here he es- tablished a great 'priv.ate school,' ostensibly for the promotion of learning, but reallj' for the training of soldiers to be used in an attempt to revert to the former form of government, with the Satsuman clan and himself at its head un- der the Mikado. In February, 1877, they broke out in open rebellion with Saigo as leader. The struggle lasted until September 24, when Saigo's forces were utterly defeated and himself and his chief officers slain in battle. Posthumous honors were granted him in 1890. — His brother, Saigo TsuKUMiCHi, also a soldier, was born in Sat- suma in 1843, led the Japanese expedition to Formosa in 1874, and was a general in the Im- perial army engaged in su]ipressing the Satsuma Rebellion (see above). From 1879 to 1900 he was a Cabinet officer. SAIL (AS. segel, segl, OHG. segal, Ger. Segel, sail, of uncertain etymology). A contrivance of canvas, matting, or similar material designed to utilize the pressure of the wind in the propulsion of vessels. Sails are generally made of flax or cotton canvas, but in China, and in many partly civilized countries, they are made of grass, or TYPES OF SAILS. (1), A staysail of ordinary cut; (2), a schooner's foresail or mainsail, a sloop's mainsail, a spanker, etc.; (3), a jib i. (4), a lug sail ; (6), a topsail, topgallant sail, etc.; (6), a square foresail or mainsail ; (7), a Chinese junk's sail having battens or bamboos across it to keep it flat ; (8), a leg-of-mutton sail. was formally made theirs by treaty in 1802, when it became the capital of their possessions instead of Touraine. SAIGO TAKAMORI, sl'g6 ta'ka-mo're (182(!-77). A Japanese general, born at Kago- shima, Kiushiu, in 1826. He was educated chiefly in Kioto. He was one of those patriots who desired the overthrow of the Shogunate, the restoration of the Mikado to his proper place as the sole ruler of the Empire, and the expul- sion of foreigners. He soon took an influential position in his clan, but his views earned for him the displeasure of the Shogun's Government, and ■when about to be seized he was banished for fibre mattings. While sails are made in various shapes, they are usually triangular or quadri- lateral. The letters h, s, t, attached to the various figures, indicate the position of the halliards, sheets, and tacks. Some sails are not hoisted, therefore they have no halliards; others are drawn down by their sheets alone and have no tacks ; some, which are secured to booms, have the sheets secured to the boom instead of the sail, and some have both tacks and sheets at the same corner. The tack is a rope which secures the forward lower corner of a sail. In the case of square sails, which secure to yards above and