Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/484

SAINT-GAUDENS. 444 SAINT GILES, CRIPPLEGATE. Sailors' Snug Harbor, both exliibiled in 1880. The Farragut moiuiiiioiit, the base of wbieli was de- signed by the architect, Stanford White, embodies, better perliaps than any other of his works, all Saint -Gaudens's best personal and artistic quali- ties. In the entire lield of sculpture there is little finer than the two tijrurcs in e.treniely low re- lief on the base of this monument. His statue of Deacon Chapin called "The Puritan" in Spring- field, Mass., is a splendid idealization. The nionunient to Lincoln in Chicago is in the same style and spirit, as is also the superb equestrian statue of (ieneral Logan in Chicago. Saint-Ciaudens has been extremely successful in certain poetic idealizations. A figure called "The IVace of God," in Kock Creek Cemetery, Washington, the caryatides of a mantelpiece in the house of W. K. Vanderbilt in New York City, and angels for the tomb of Governor Mor- gan, are tine examples. A fine equestrian statue of General Sherman has reoently (190.3) been erected at the principal entrance to Central Park. The Diana of the Tower of Madison Square Garden in New York City is the only nude statue which Saint-Gaudens has made. From 1884 to 1896 he was engaged upon an immense work in high relief representing Colonel Shaw of Boston at the head of his colored troops. This, the most ambitious of his productions, is placed in Boston Common, with an elaborate architectural setting. SAINT-GELAIS, Mellix de (1491-1558). A French poet, the most important member of the school of Clement JLirot, noted among his con- temporaries as a court singer and a skillful ma.ster of language. He was educated mainly at Bologna and Padua, and, on returning to France, took orders and received various valualile pre- ferments. His work, though considerable in vol- ume, is mainly composed of very short pieces, epigrams, rondeaux. and the like, composed in a fluent and graceful style. His works were edited by Blanchemain (Paris', 1873). SAINT GEORGE. One of the Bermuda Is- lands (q.v.). SAINT GEORGE, Cape. See Cape Saint Geokoe. SAINT GEORGE, Constantinia:;? Order of. An order of Parma and Sicily, probably estab- lished by the Byzantine Emperor Isaac II. Angelus about 1190, under the name of the Order of Constantine. The order remained in the fam- ily of the Angeli until it was transferred to Duke Giovanni Francesco Farnese of Parma in 1697. When Don Carlos came into possession of Parma, and later of Naples, the order was reorganized and called after Saint George. The order was finally dissolved in 18(50. when Sicily and Parma were incorporated with Italy. The decoration is a red cross of lilies, bearing the image of Saint George and the dragon, the initial of the name of Christ and the letters I H S V, and A and 0. The Sicilian order had three classes, the Parmesan six. Consult Rhodokanaki, The Im- perial Conntantinian Order of t<aint Georqe (Lon- don, 1870). SAINT GEORGE, Order of. (1 ) A Bava- rian order with six classes, established in 1729. and reorganized by King Louis II. in 1871, with the King as giand master. The candidate for admission to the order must show eight genera- tions of nobility on both sides. The decoration is an eiglit-jiointed cross bearing the image of the irgin and the letters V. 1. B. I. (Virgini Immaculatir Bavaria Immaculata) . On the re- verse is the image of Saint George with the letters 1. V. P. V. (.Justus ut I'alma Florcbit). (2) A Russian military order with four classes founded in 1709 by the Empress Catharine II. and confined to officers having at least the rank of colonel. The decoration is a white Maltese cross, edged with gold, bearing an image of Saint Geroge and the dragon, and suspended from an orange and black ribbon. See Plate of Orders. (3) A Hanoverian order, established in 1839 by King Ernest Augustus, and dissolved in 1866. The device was "Numquam Retrorsum." (4) A Sicilian military order of merit, founded in 1808. It was dissolved in 1861. ( 5 ) The original name of the English Order of the Garter. See Garter, Order of the. SAINT GEORGE'S CHANNEL. An arm of the Atlantic Ocean which separates Southern Ireland from Wales and Southern England, and unites the Irish Sea with the Atlantic Ocean (Map: England, A 5). It varies from 60 to about 100 miles in width, is about 100 miles long from northeast to southwest, and has channel depths ranging from 300 to 500 feet. SAINT-GERMAIN, saN'zher'maN', Count OF (died 1784). An eighteenth-century charlatan of European reputation. His origin and life his- tory are unknown. He pretended to be thousands of years old, laid claim to miraculous powers, and surrounded himself with an air of mystery, which, added to his magnificent style of living, fine manners, and an agreeable person, gained liim, after 1740, tremendous notoriety in an age that delighted in the mysteries of mesmerism and freemasonry. He first appeared in Parisian so- ciety about 1770. Louis XV. of France was among his dupes. He died at Cassel. Consult Oettinger, Graf Saint-Germain (Leipzig, 1846). SAINT-GERMAIN-EN-LAYE, iiNla'. A town in the Dejiartment of Seine-et-Oise, France, 11 miles west of Paris, on the Seine River (Map: France, H 3). It has an elevated site and, with its picturesque surnmndings, is a popular summer resort. A handsome terrace, built in 1672, overlooks the Seine and affords an ex- tended view of the river and adjacent country. The Forest of Saint-Germain is a magnificent park, covering an area of 11.000 acres. In the restored sixteenth-century royal castle are a splendid nniseum of Gallo-Roman antiquities and a chapel dating from 1240. The town hall has a library and an art gallery. Saint-Germain was at one time the summer home of the French Court. It was the residence of the dethroned .Tames II. of England, who died here in 1701. Here on August 8, 1570, was concluded the treaty terminating the Third Civil War. (See HuGnE- KOTS.) Population, in 1901, 17,297. SAINT GILES, CRIPPLEGATE. One of the most notable and liistoric churches of Lon- don, the burial place of George Fox, the author of The Boot of Martyrs, the explorer Frobisher, and Milton. The church was built in 1545, and was among the few buildings spared by the great fire of London. Remains of the ancient London wall are visible in the churchyard.