Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/495

SAINT LAWRENCE. 453 SAINT LOUIS. It reaches its greatest heij^lit toward the east, where the hills have an elevation of over 500 feet. On the fringe of the Arctic zone, the island is sparsel.v peopled by Eskimos, who engage in whale, seal, and walrus fisheries, and have trad- ing relations with the mainland. Bering discov- ered tlie island in 172S; fift.y years later it was visited by Captain Cook, who Ihouglil it com- prised two islands, which he named friaint Law- ri'nce and Clark. SAINT LAWKENCE, Gulf of. An inlet of the nortliern Atlantic, bounded by the western shore of Newfoundland, and the sliores of the Canadian provinces of Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island (Map Canada, S 7). It has three communications with the ocean — the Strait of Belle Isle, between New- foundland and Labrador: the Gut of Canso, between the island of Cape Breton and the peninsula of Nova Scotia ; and Cabot Strait. 62 miles wide, with the island of Saint Paul in the middle, between Cape Breton and Newfoundland. In the opposite direction it narrows at the western end of Anticosti into the estuary of the Saint Lawrence River. Besides Anticosti, Saint Paul's, and Prince Edward the gulf contains several clusters of islands, more particularly in its southern half, among them being the ilagdalens. The northern shore, which is bold and rocky, is fringed with small islets. The waters are frequently rendered dangerous to shipping by thick fogs and iincertain currents. The passages from the ocean to the river, how- ever, are clear, broad, and <leep channels, the one through Cabot Strait being 1200 feet, and the one through the Strait of Belle Isle GOO feet deep. The latter is the route taken by transatlantic steamers. The Gulf of Saint Lawrence is cel- ebrated for the productiveness of its fisheries. SAINT LAZ'ARXJS, Order of. An Order of chivalry founded in Palestine for the purpose of caring for sick pilgrims, and transferred to Eu- rope after the destruction of the Christian power. The chief seat of the Order was at Boigny, in France. It was merged in the Order of Our Lady of !Mount Carrael. founded in 1S07. and was thenceforward known as the Ordre militaire et hospitaller de Saint Lazare et de Notre Dame du Mont Carmel reunis." It was dissolved in 1830. SAINT LEGEK, sant lej'er or sil'lin-jer, Barry (1737-89). A British soldier in the American Revolution. He entered the army as an ensign in 1756, and in the following year was sent to America to fight against the French. He served under General Abercrombie. took part in the siege of Louisburg in 1758, and fought under Wolfe "at Quebec. When the British Ministry planned the campaign of 1777 against the re- volted colonists. Saint Leger, then a lieutenant- colonel, was chosen to command an exjwdition which was to go up the Saint Lawrence to Lake Ontario, land at Oswego, and, with the assistance of Sir .John Johnson and the Indians, capture, Fort Stanwix, and then march down the ^lo- hawk Valley and join General Burgoyne. On August 3, 1777, Saint Leger reached Fort Stanw-ix, and three days later fought the battle of Oriskany (q.v.) with a relief force under General Herkimer. On the 22d of the same month the approach of a second relief force un- der General Arnold produced such a panic among Saint Leger's men that they retired in great haste to Canada. Saint Leger continued to serve in Canada and on the northern border of the colonies, and in 1780 he was promoted colonel. He published tiaini Ligrr's Joiinnil of Occur- rences in America (London, 1780). SAINT LEONARDS, lenTrdz. Edward BrRTK.N.siiAW Si (,i)i;x. Baron (1781-1875). An English lawyer, born in l,ondon. In 1802 he be- gan the study of law, and three years later be- came known by his I'rticlirdl Trtiilisc of the Law of Wiidors mill I'tirchii.ii rx of Hsiuirs (1805). He was called to the bar in 1.807. He was re- turned to Parliament in 182S. was knighted anil made Solicitor-General in 1820, and became Lord Chancellor of Ireland in 1835. and again from 1841 to 1846. He was a])pointed Lord Chancellor of England and raised to the peerage in 1852. The fourteenth edition of his /.«»■ of ^'cn(^ors ami Fiircliiiairs was published in 1862. He published many cither valuable legal treatises. SAINT -L6, sax'16'. The capital of the De- partment of Manche, France, 47 miles southeast of Cherbourg, on the Vire River (Map: France. E 2) . The principal Iniihliug is the Gothic Cathe- dral of Notre Dame, dating from the fourteenth century. It was remodeled in the seventeenth century. The town hall, museum, hall of jus- tice, and prefecture are among the features of the town. Horse-breeding is extensively carried on, and there are manufactures of cloth, leather, etc. Population, in 1001, 11,604. The industrial prominence of the town suffered severel}' through the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. SAINT-LOUIS, saN'liSo'e'. The capital of the French colony of Senegambia. situated on a small island in the delta of the Senegal. al)out 12 miles inland and 163 miles by rail northeast of Dakar (Map: Africa, C 3). It is a well laid out town, with a number of ]iul)lie buildings. The cli- mate is extremely uuhealthful. At the mouth of the river is a sand bar which iiractically de]nive3 Saint-Louis of all value as a port. The town was founded in 1626. The population, about 20,000, is extremely heterogeneous. SAINT LOUIS, sant lools or lUo'e. The chief city of Missouri and of the States formed from the 'Louisiana Purchase' of 1803; in population, the fourth city of the United States and the principal city of the Mississipjii Valley (Jlap: Missouri, F 3). It is situated on the west bank of the Mississippi River. 1170 miles from New Orleans and 729 miles from Saint Paul; abovit 20 miles below the mouth of the Missouri, and 174 miles above the mouth of the Ohio; in lati- tude 38° 38' N.; longitude 90° 12' W. Description. The city, as originally founded, occupied a bluff of the 'Saint Louis limestone,' one of a series extending n<uth and south along the west bank of the river, from which the laud gradually rises westward in rolling hills. The low- Fands of the Mississippi, known at this point as the American bottoms, are wdujlly on the east, or Illinois, side of the river. .Mthough in the cen- tral part of the city the original bluffs have l>een graded away for convenience of access to the river, the city, now extended north and south beyond its original site, still enjoys the ad- vantages of a limestone foundation. It has a river frontage of 19.15 miles, with a depth in a direct line to the extreme western limits of 6.6