Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/502

SAINT LOUIS WOELD'S FAIR. 438 SAINT-MALO. 'oriitiiin ot' tlio Iniiulrcdth aiinivcisary of the ac- quisition of the Louisiana Territory by the United (States. t)n June 4. IflOO, (.^oufjress promised the sum of live million dollars lowaril the lioldinj; of such an exposition, on condition that an additional ten million dollars be raised by Saint Louis, and in April, 1!)01, the Louisiana Purchase Exposi- tion Coinjiaiiy was incorporated with a capital of six million dollars. In June the site of the exposition was fixed at Forest Park, a tract of 114'2 acres of well-worked forest land within the city limits, and including about 110 acres belon^'ing to Washinjiton University, which, with its buildings, were leaded to the Kxposition Com- pany. The architectural plan jirovidcd for fif- teen large exhibition buildings, the main group of which was arranged in the form of a fan. The apex of the fan was formed by the Art Palaces, three massive buildings to remain after the exhibition, of which the central one was designed as a memorial building. Other notable structures with their dimensions were: The Klectricity Building, 7.50 by 525 feet; the Varied Industries Building, 1200 by 525 feet, with a tower 400 feet high; the JIachincry Building, 750 by 525 feet; the Transportation Building, 1500 by 525 feet; the Textiles Building, 750 by 520 feet; the Manufactures Building, 1200 by 525 feet; the INIines and iletallurgy and the Liberal Art« buildings, each 750 by 525 feet; and the Government Building. 800 by 175 feet. Thirty-four States and Territories made appro- priations amounting to more than ,$4,500,000, part of which was expended in special buildings. Foreign governments also were largely repre- .sented, and many of them erected special and typical structures: as, for instance. France, which reproduced the Petit Trianon of Versailles. The administrative system of the Exposition in- cluded four executive divisions: Exhibits, Ex- ploitation, Works, and Concessions and Admis- sion. The Division of Exhibits comprised the following fifteen departments: Education. Art, Liberal Arts, Manufactures, Machinery, Elec- tricity, Transportation. Agriculture. Horticul- ture, Forestry, Mining and Metallurgy. Fish and Game, Anthropology, .Special Economy, and Phys- ical Culture. The formal dedication occurred on April .30. 100.3. SAINT LUCIA, liw-se'a. The largest of the Britisli Wimlward Islands. West Indies. It is situated 25 miles north of Saint Vincent and about the same distance south of Martinique (Map: West Indies, R 8). Area, 233 square miles. The is- land is volcanic and mountainous, with an active volcanic peak over 3000 feet high. The rain- fall is abundant, and the mountains are covered with luxuriant tropical forests. The chief agri- cultural products are sugar, cocoa, logwood, cof- fee, and spices. By reason of the exceptionally good harbor at Castries, Saint Lucia has more shipping than any other British West Indian island, except .Jamaica, which it nearly equals. The entries and clearings in 1001 amounted to 1,804,720 tons. Population, in 1801. 42,220; in 1901, 50,237, chiefly negroes. Capital, Castries (q.v. ). Saint Lucia was discovered in 1502 and colonized by the French in 1563. It changed hands between England and France a number of times, until it became permanently a British possession in 1803. In 1898 it suffered severely from a hurricane. SAINT LUKE, Tjie Academy of (Accademia di S;ui Liica). The academy of the fine arts at Home. In the later Jliddle Ages there was a guild of painters at Rome, whose sanctuary was the small Church of San Luca, on the Esquiline. It first ajipears on record in 1478, when it re- new-ed and revised its ancient statutes, and as- sumed the name "Universitil delle Belle Arti." The jjresent academy, organized after the plans of the painter JIuziano, was first recognized in a brief of Gregory XIII. in 1517, its immediate recognition having been prevented by the opposi- tion of the elder society, which it finally absorbed. Under Sixtus V. Federigo Zuccari obtained a bull (1588) approving the new organization, which was ])laced under the patronage of Saint Luke, and endowing it with the revenues of the Cliureh of San Martino, the name of which was changed to Santi Martino e Luca. The inauguration was post- poned till Xovember 14. 1593, under Clement VIII. The academ.v owed much to Zuccari, its first prince, who left it his fortune. In 1700 Clement XI. instituted and endowed the annual prizes of painting, sculpture, and architecture. The con- stitution of the academy was but slightly modi- fied until 1818. At the head stood a prince, ap- pointed annuall.v, and this office was held by some of the most celebrated artists, like jNIaratta, Lebrun, and Canova. In 1818 Pius VII.. fol- lowing the advice of Canova. granted a new- constitution, which has not been materiallv changed since the annexation of Rome to the Kingdom of Italy in 1870. There are thirty-six academicians, chosen in equal numbers from among the painters, sculp- tors, and architects, besides foreign and hono- rary members; at the head of the academy is a president, elected annually. It also maintains a school of design, in which instruction in paint- ing, sculpture, and architecture is given. Besides its ]u'ivate endowment, the academy receives ii subsidy of 35.000 francs from the State. It has retained its quarters in the Via Bonella, near the Forum Romanum, where are located its scliools and its valuable collection of paintings. The latter contains good examples of Gaspard Pous- sin, Claude Lorrain, Titian, Veronese, Salvator Rosa. Guido Reni, and the much-discussed "Saint Luke Painting the Madonna," formerly attributed to Raphael. The academy also possesses a small collection of sculpture, presented by the artists, and the valuable Biblioteca Sarti, presented in 1881. It has been of great influence and celebrity, the French and English academies having been modeled upon it. Consult Armand, L'acadimie de Kaivt Luc a Rome (Rome, 1866). SAINT LUKE, Guilds of. Mediaeval asso- ciations of painters, under the patronage of Saint Luke, formed to protect the interests of their members. Engravers, printers, and mem- bers of other occupations related to bookmaking were later received into the guilds, which had a long existence in Holland and flourished par- ticularl.v in Antwerp. SAINT-MALO. siiN'raa'liV. A seaport and the capital of an arrondissement in the Depart- ment of Ille-et-Vilaine. France. 51 miles north b.y west of Rennes ; at the mouth of the Ranee River, on the English Channel (Map: France, D 3 ) . It is attractjvel.v situated on a rock.v peninsula, and with its narrow winding streets and sixteenth-century ramparts has a very pic-