Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/538

SALEBNO. 483 SALICYLATES. sity for a short time. They, however, returned to Naples in 1258, the union not having realized the antieipatcd prosperity. Women studied and taught there, thus anticipating our coeducational in^ititutiODS. The introduction of Arabic medi- cine in other medical institutions was the main cause of decline of the school. In the beginning of the fourteenth century its prestige had com- pletely parsed away, and henceforth its decline continued until in 1811 it was reduced to a mere gynmasiiun, and in 1817 it ceased to exist. SALES. See Sale. SALES, Saixt Francis de. See Fbaxcis de Salks. SALEYER (sall'or) ISLANDS. A group of inlands near Celebes. See S.vlayer Islands. SALE'ZA, sa'h'i'za', Albert (1867—). A Frencli operatic tenor, born at Bruges. He was educated at the Paris Cnnsprv.ntory and made his debut at the Opera Comique in 1S8S. He created the roles of .T-^neas in Berlioz's Prise de Troie and Richmond in Salvayre's Kichard III. at Nice, in which city he sang from 1889 to 1891. The following year he was engaged in the Grand Opera, Paris, and appeared in the first performances of Reyer's Salaininhd and Verdi's Otello. In 1898 he made his American debut, and was especially successful in his interpretations of Italian roles. SALFOKD, sgl'ferd. A municipal county and Parliamentary borough in Lancashire. England, virtually a portion of the city of Manchester (Jlap: England. D 3). It possesses an older municipal liistory than its larger neighbor, hav- ing obtained its first charter in 1231. and a char- ter of incorporation in 1844. Several railway viaducts and Ifi bridges connect it with ilan- chester. The borough covers an area of eight square miles: it has fine libraries, a museum and art gallery in the beautiful Peel Park, one of four parks with a total area of 83 acres. Popu- lation, in 1891. 198.139; in 1901, 220,9.56. Con- sult: Darbyshire. Okie Manehestrr d- Snlford (ilanchester, 1887); The Official Handbook of Manchester and i?alford (Manchester, 1899). SALGOTAEJAN-, shol'go-tor-yan. A town of Hungary, in the County of Xogrfld. 78 miles by rail northeast of Budapest. The coal- mining interests are important and the town has iron works. There are, for working men, a hos- pital, baths, and schools. Population, in 1900, 13.5.52. SALICIN (from Lat. salix. willow), C.H,(OH)CH,(OC.H„0,). A member of the grou|) of organic compounds to which the term ghicosides is applied by chemists — a group which is specially characterized by the fact that each of its members, when exposed to the action of dilute acids or of ferments, takes up water and breaks up into sugar and other compounds, Saliein occurs in the bark of the various species of willow and poplar. It may be obtained in small, colorless, glistening prisms of an intense- ly hitter taste, which are readily soluble in hot ■water and in alcohol, moderately soluble in cold water, and insoluble in ether and chloroform. If introduced into the body, saliein is decom- posed with formation of salicylic acid, which is then rapidly absorbed, probably in the form of its sodium salt. The physiological action of saliein is therefore in almost all respects identi- cal with that of salicylic acid (q.v.). Saliein, however, has a much less irritating eti'ect on the stomach, and a much weaker depressing effect on the heart, than free salicylic acid. SALIC LAW (Lex Salicu). One of the earli- est of the so-called "laws of barbarians,' which were put into written form in very corrupt Latin between the middle of the fifth and the beginning of the ninth century, and which set forth the cus- tomary law of the different German tribes. The Le.K Salica contains a part of the law govern- ing the Salian or Jlerovingian Franks. A pro- logue of much later date than the Lex itself places its composition in a period in which the Franks were governed by many chiefs (pro- ceres) ; but from internal evidence the Lex is be- lieved to have been drawn up in the reign of Clovis and near the close of the fifth century (A.D. 486-496). It consists largely of tariffs of 'compositions' to be paid for various injuries, and it deals mainly with what we should call the law of torts and crimes and the law of procedure. Of its original 65 titles, only six or seven are de- voted to the law of family, property and inheri- tance. The older manuscripts contain the so- called 'JIalberg gloss' — interpolated Frank words and phrases, which serve in some cases to explain the Latin words, in other cases to indicate the formal words to be employed in legal proceed- ings. During the following three centuries much new matter was inserted by private copyists, a fact which renders the reconstruction of the original text more or less uncertain. A revised text, dating from the Carolingian period, ia which the Latin was purged of its worst bar- barisms and the ilalberg gloss eliminated, is known as the Lex Emendata, The term 'Salic law' is often applied exclusively to that part of the law which relates to inheritance by women. The paragraph reads as follows: "But of Salic land, no portion of the inheritance shall come to a woman : but the whole inheritance of the land shall come to the male sex." It is evident that there is no question here of a woman's in- heriting the throne, as is popularly supposed. The term Salic law was first employed, in this, sense, in connection with the exclusion of women from the throne in France in the fourteenth cen- tury, during the struggle between Philip VI. and Edward III. of England for the French crown. This law Avas introduced into Spain by Philip V. in 1714. but was revoked again by Ferdinand VII. in 1830. Tlie best text is Hessels, Lex Salica (Lon- don, 1880). The literature, which is ex- tensive, is cited in Brunner, Deutsche Rechts- fieschichte (Leipzig. 1887). i., pp. 293 et seq.; Viollet, Precis de I'histoire du droit francais (Paris, 1885), pp. 95 et seq.; and in Esmein. Cours elciiieiitaire d'histoire du droit fran^ais (Paris, 1892), pp. 103 et seq. SALICYLATES (from Lat. salix, willow), JIedical Uses of the. The chief salicylates are those of sodium and lithium, together with methyl salicylate or in the form of oil of win- tergreen. They are employed in the place of salicylic acid, because they are less irritating to the stomach, less depressing to the heart, and less liable to giyp rise to the disagreeable train of symptoms called sulioilism. The more marked of these are ringing in the ears, deafness, partial