Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/611

SAN LUIS. 545 SAN MARTIN. extent. Population, in 1000, 91,403. Capital, San Luis (q.v.). SAN LUIS, or San Luis I)K l. 1'lnta. The capital of the Province of San Luis, Arjicntina, situated at the soutlicni end of the Sierra de San Luis, 140 miles southeast of .Iendozii (Map: Argentina, D 10). It has a national college and a normal school. Its water supjjly, as well as the water used in irrigating the surrounding dis- trict, is derived from an innuense artificial reser- voir. The town is noted for the manufacture of ponehos, and exports horses, hides, and vicuna wool. Population, estimated, in 18!)8, 11,000. SAN LUIS. A town of Luzon, Philippine Islands, in the Province of Pampanga, on the Rio G'-ande de Pampanga. about 10 miles north- east of Bacolor (Map: Philippine Islands, E 4). Population, estimated, in lS!);i. 10,298. SAN LUIS DE LA PAZ, da la pas. A Me.xican town in the State of Guanajimto. 53 miles northeast of tlie city of that name, situ- ated on a branch railroad from Dolores Hidalgo. It has a lieautiful parish church. Population, in ISii."), '.h;01. SAN LUIS POTOSI, po'to-se'. An inland State of Mexico, bounded by the States of Coa- huila and Xueva Leon on the north, Tanuiulipas and Vera Cruz on the east, Hidalgo, Quer^taro, and Guanajuato on the south, and Zaeatecas on the west (Map: Mexico, J 6). Area, 25.316 square miles. The greater part of the State lies within the great Mexican plateau, but near the southeastern corner the plateau falls steeply sev- eral thousand feet to the low valley of the Pinueo. The climate is healthful in the ele- vated parts and hot and unhealthful in the low- lands, where fever prevails. Tlie surface is abun- dantly wooded and the soil is very fertile in the valleys, producing grain, rice, sugar, and pepper. The mining industry, once very extensive, has declined, though the mineral deposits are far from exhausted. Commerce and manufactures, however, are increasing, and the State is one of the richest and most progressive in the Re])ublic, The capital is San Luis PotosI (q.v.). Popula- tion, in 1900, 582,486, including a large propor- tion of Indians. SAN LUIS POTOSI. The capital of the State of San Luis P(]toM', Mexico, situated on the plateau at the head of the valley of the Verde. 215 miles northwest of Jlexico, and 6200 feet above sea level (Jlap: Mexico, H 6). It is almost hidden by luxuriant gardens, and is regularly laid out, with broad streets and numerous plazas, on one of which is a marble fountain surmounted by a statue of Hidalgo. On the principal square stands the handsome cathedral and the fine city hall. Other notable buildings are the court- house, the Governor's palace, the mint, and the Alarcon Theatre. The city is an important rail- road centre. It has a considerable trade in cattle. wool, and hides. It derived its original impor- tance from the famous silver mines in the neigh- boring Cerro de San Pedro, discovered in 1583; but thoiigh the mines are now almost abandoned, the city retains its prominence, and is the fourth in size in the Pepiblic. Its population in 1895 was 69,0.50. SAN MARCO IN LAMIS, siin mar'k.'. i-n la'mes. A town in the Province of Foggia. Italy, on the southwestern slope of Monte Gargano. 18 miles north by east of Foggia (Map: Italy, K 6). Cereals and fruits are produced, and wine and olive oil arc manufactured. Population (commune), in 1901, 17,309. SAN MARINO, niii-re'nd. A republic in Italy, situated between the provinces of Forll and Pesaro-Urbino, near the Adriatic coast, 12 miles southwest of Rimini (Map: Italy. G 4). Area, about 38 square miles; population, about 10,000. It is the oldest Slate in Europe and one of the smallest in the worUl. The district is hillv, the highest point being Monte Titano ("about 26:50 feet). The climate is healtliful. Cattle-raising and wine ]uoduc(ion are the chief occup;itions. Stone fig- ures among the exports. The uninteresting town of San ilarino is situated on Monte Titano, and is protected bv a wall. It has live churches and a fine Parliament house. The governing laws — the Statuta Illustrissinue Reipublica- — date from the iliddle Ages. In 1847 the ruling Grand Council was transformed into a represen- tative chamber, with (iO life nu>mbers, clioscn from the burghers, landowners, and the nobility. Two members arc selected every six months as 'reigning captains.' From this council an execu- tive council of 12 is chosen yearly. San Marino has a treatv of friendship with Italv. There is no public debt. The revenue for 1899-1900 was about £11,600, the expenditure, £13,700. History. The city of San Marino, said to have been founded in the fourth century by Saint Marinus of Dalmatia, formed part of the Byzantine exarchate of Ravenna, and. after an uneventful existence under Lond)ard and Prank- ish rule, gradually established its independence with the aid of' the counts of Montefeltro. In I63I it received a formal acknowledgment of its independence from Pope Urban VI 11. Napoleon did not deign to tamper with the liliputian republic, and sentiment, probably, led to the preservation of its identity in 18ti0- 61, on the formation of the Italian kingdom, un- der whose protection the Republic placed itself in 1862. Consult: Franciosi, (Inrihnhli c la re- puhblica di 8aii ilarino (Bologna, 1891) ; Hautte- cceur. La repuilique de f^an Marino (Brussels, 1894). SAN MARTIN, siln miir-ten', .Josfi de ( 1778- 1850). A .South American general, distinguished for his services in the war of independence against Spain. He was born at Yapeyu in Argentina, February 25, 1778, and as a child was sent to Spain, where he received his education. He en- tered the army and served with distinction against the French. In 1811 he laid down his rank of lieutenant-colonel and in the following year went to Buenos Ayres, where he threw in his fortunes with the patriot cause. In .Tanunry, 1813, he defeated the Spanish Viceroy at San Lorenzo and in the following year was placed in couunand of the insurgent army in Upper Peru. San Martin now conceived the design of destroy- ing the Spanish power by overrinning Chile and then striking at the stronghold. Peru. After two years' preparation he set out in .January. 1817, from Mendoza, with a well-drilled army of 4000 men. crossed the , des with mucli hardship, and on February 12th routed the Sp;>niards at Chacabuco. This led to the occupation of the capital and the establishment of the Republic of which San Martin declined the profTered head-