Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/622

SANTA CLARA. 556 SANTA CRUZ. 3). It is the seat of Santa Clara Colle'io (Koiiian Cntliolie), opened in 1851, and of the Notre Dnuie Acadcmv. Alameda Avenue, traversing a beautiful cguiitrv, extends to San Jos<s, three miles distant. Santa Clara is situated in a fertile valley enpifred chielly in fruit growing. Prunes, uprieots, peaehes. berries, and nuts are pro<lueed extensively. .Millwork, sashes and doors, wind- mills, eoMins. and leather are nianufaetiired. Green and eured fruits are prepared and sliiijjK'd in large quantitie.s. The government, under the revi.sed eharter of 1874, is administered by a president and a board of trustees, elected re- spectively for one and two years. Santa Clara was settli'il in 1780 ami incorporated in 1852. Population, in ISiH). 28!)]; in lOOU, ;i()50. SANTA CLAUS. or KLAUS, klaz. See NU llOl.AS, S.I.NT. SANTA CROCE, krcVcha (It., Holy Cross). .A famous cliurdi in Florence, formerly belonging to the Franciscans, and the I'antheon of the Flor- entines. It was begun in 1294 (possibly 1295). after the designs of Arnolfo di Cambio (q.v. ). the principal Florentine arcliitect of the period, and was nearly I'ompleted before his death IC.1302). In 1:520 the first services were held, and in 1442 it was formally dedicated in the presence of Pope Eijgenius IV. The graceful, slender tower was completed after the designs of Uaccani in 1847, and the unfortunate fagade was built in 1857-(i3. The building is in the Floren- tine Gothic style; its design and decoration are simple. Santa Croce is a perfect museum of Florentine art of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Especially noteworthy are the cele- brated frescoes from the life of John the Baptist and Saint Francis, by Giotto, in the Bardi and Peruzzi Chapels. Other treasures are a "C'ruci- tixion," an '"Annunciation," and a bronze statue of Saint l.ouis of Toulouse by Donatello. and a ricli Renaissance pulpit by Benedetto da Majano. Buried within the churcli are Michelangelo ( whose monument is by Vasari ) . Alfieri (with a monu- ment by Canova), Machiavelli, Galileo. Cheru- bini. and Rossini. There is also a fine monu- ment to Dante by Stefano Ricci. From Arnolfo's (iothic cloisters adjoining the church is the en- trance to what is, perhaps, the most perfect small chapel of the early Renaissance, the C'apella dei Pazzi 11420), by Brunelleschi, who also de- signed the second cloisters of the church. Con- sult: Moise. I^a)ila Croce (Florence, 1845) ; Frey, Loggia lie' Lun^i (Berlin, 1885). SANTA CRUZ, krooth. A territory of Ar- gentina, occupying the southern part of Pata- gonia and bounded by Chile on the west and south, the Territory of Chubut on the north, and the Atlantic Ocean on the east (Map: Argentina. C 13). Area, estimated at from llfi.OOO to 180.000 square miles. A number of rivers trav- erse the territory from west to east. Santa Cruz is the least populous portion of the republic, hav- ing had a civilized population in 1900 of only 1444. The capital is Gallegos. a village. SANTA CRUZ. An eastern department of Bolivia, bounded by Brazil on the east, the Bo- livian Department of Chuquisaca on the south, Potosf and Cochabamba on the west, and Beni on the north (Map: Bolivia, E 7). Area, esti- mated at 12fi.:U0 square miles. It is covered with great forests in the north, while the south- ern part belongs to the Llanos de Chiquitos. The northern ])art of Santa Cruz is drained by the Mamore. The Rio Grande River, one of its head- streams, is navigable. The climate is hot and un- healthful, but the soil is fertile and yields sugar, coflee, cacao, cotton, rice, and common cereals. There is some cattle-raising, and the forests yield rubl)er and drugs. Population estimated in 1900 at 210.800, more than half of whom were Indians. Capital, Santa Cruz de la Sierra (q.v.). SANTA CRUZ. A town of the State of Guanajuato, Jlexico, 40 miles southeast of the city of that name, on the ^lexican National Rail- road. Population, in 1895, 7440. SANTA CRUZ. The capital of the Province of Laguna in Luzon, Philippine Islands, situated on the eastern shore of the Bay Lagoon, 35 miles southeast of Manila (Map: Philippine Islands, F 5). It has well-built public and ecclesiastical buildings. It has an active trade with ilanila by way of the lagoon and the Pasig River, and is noted for the manufacture of palm brandv. Pop- ulation (estimated), in 1899, 13,141. SANTA CRUZ, or S.i.te Croix. The larg- est of the Danish West India Islands, situ- ated 37 miles south of Saint Tliomas (Map: West Indies. P 6). Area, 74 square miles. The surface is hilly in the interior. Along the coasts there are level tracts of fertile soil which produce sugar and rum. Santa Cruz was discovered by Columbus on his second voyage. It was sold by France to a Danish company in 1733. Popula- tion (estimated), in 1897, 18,430. Chief town, Christiansted ( q.v. ) . SANTA CRUZ. The county-seat of Santa Cruz County, Cal., 80 miles south of San Fran- cisco, at the mouth of the San Lorenzo River, on Monterey Bay and on the Southern Pacific RaiL road and several steamship lines (Map: Cali- fornia, B 3). It is a watering place of consid- '^ erable repute. There arc the curiously carved clifl's extending for miles along the coast. Sequoia Park, and the celebrated Big Tree forest, a few miles distant. The Public Library contains 1 5.000 volumes. The leading manufactures are leather. lime, cement, asphalt, gunpowder, and lumber products. The government, under the charter of 1876, is vested in a mayor, chosen biennially, and a unicameral council. On the site of Santa Cruz a S])aiiish mission of the same name was estab- lished in 1791. Population, in 1890, 5596: in 1900, 5659. SANTA CRUZ, AXDRES (1794-1865). A Bo- livian general and politician, horn at La Paz in Bolivia. In 1820 he joined the patriots and was promoted to the rank of brigadier-general in 1822 for his services at Pichincha. After the defeat at the Desaguadero he went to Lima, was employed by Bolivar on various diplomatic missions, and was military chief and president of the council of government jirevious to the elec- tion of Lamar as President of Peru in 1827. In 1828 he was elected President of Bolivia for ten years and immediately began to apply his plans for uniting Peru and Bolivia. By 1836 he had so far subjugated Peru that he was appointed by Congress protector of the confederation. Chile, alarmed at these successes, began war against Santa Cruz and defeated him completely at Yun- gay in 1839.