Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/669

SAVOY. 601 SAW. both. Victor Amadeus II. (1G75-I73;i) mariieil a niece of Louis XIV., and was coniiu'llcd for a time to submit to the demands of the i'rouc-li King, wlio forced him to persecute tlic Waklen^cs. and tinally by imposing humiliating requirements ii])on him drove him. in 1090, into the (Jrand Al- liance. In Itiyt) a treaty very favtu'ahle to Savoy detached the duehy from the (iraml Alliance. Victor Amadeus II. entered the War of the Spanisli Succession as the ally of France and was jdaced in connnand of the condiined Frencli and Spanish armies. He was defeated at Cliiari in 1701 by liis cousin. Prince Eugene of Savoy. In 170.'i the Duke gave up the Krcncli alliance and joined Austria. The French vuider VendTime then overran and devastated Piedmont, but after Vcndome's recall they were routed liy the Duke and Prince Eugene under the walls of Turin, Se])tember 7, 1706. Victor Amadeus II. in the Treaty of Utreclit (1713) was accorded by Spain the possession of Sicily. The alliance with Aus- tria also added the remainder of Mnntfcrrat to Savoy, Sicily Avas exchanged in 17-0 for Sar- dinia" (which had been given to Austria), and Victor Amadeus II. assumed the title of King of Sardinia. (For the subsequent history of the House of Savoy, see Sardixi.^, Kixgdom of, and Italy.) In 1831 the succession to the throne of Sardinia passed to Charles Albert of the line of Savoy-Carignan. (See Carigxaxo. ) Charles Al- bert was followed in 1840 by his son Victor Em- manuel II., wlio in 1801 assumed the title of King of Italy. Victor Emmanuel in 1800 ceded Savoy and Nice to France. He was succeeded in 1878' by Humbert. The latter's son, Victor Em- manuel III., ascended the throne on the death of his father in 1900. Consult : Saint-Genis, Bistoire de Saroic (Chambgry, 1808), a comprehensive study, based on the sources, from the origins to 1800 ; Do- neaud. La maison cle Snvoie (Paris, 1869) ; Wiel, The RonHiiice of the House of Savoy, lOOS-1519 (New York, 1898). See Italy; Charles Albert; Cavoue; Victor Emmanuel II,; Humbert I.; Victor Emmanuel III. SAVOY, The. A chapel in London, on the Thames, occupying the site where once stood the palace built in 1245 by Peter, Earl of Savoy and Ricluuond. In this building the French King John II. was imprisoned after his capture at the battle of Poitiers in 13.56. The palace was twice the object of popular violence. It narrowly escaped destruction in an outbreak caused by the Duke of Lancaster's protection of Wiclif: and in Wat Tyler's insurrection it was burned and made a heap of ruins. In 1505 Henry VIII. erected on these ruins a house for the sup- port of destitute, diseased, helpless, and home- less persons. This well-intended charity soon became a refuge fpr the dissolute and vicious. It was suppressed by Edward VI., but was re- stored by Queen JIary, and profusely refurnished by the ladies of her Court from their private resources, but in the management of this estab- lishment great abuses prevailed. Its officials em- bezzled the funds, and the inmates continued to come from the degraded and criminal classes. The combined hospital and poorhouse maintained a nominal existence under the reign of Queen Anne. In building the Waterloo Bridge in 1810, the deep foundations on which the ancient build- ings had rested were all removed. Nothing re- mained but the chapel built alongside these ruins l)v Henry VU. This chapel was made a church 1)y Queen Elizabeth, and was one of the chapels royal, under the name of Saint Mary-le- Savoy. It was injured by tire in 1804, but was rebuilt and furnished for public worship by Queen Victoria. The vaults beneath contain the remains of many persons of distinction. Con- sult Loftie, Moiiorkih of llic •Saioy (London, 187S). SAVOY CONFERENCE. The name given to an ecclesiastical cimlVicnce held in 1001 at the •Savoy Palace, London, between the Episcopalian and Presbyterian divines, with the view of ascer- taining what concessions would satisfy the latter, and thereby lead to "a perfect and entire unity and uniformity throughout the nation." During the rule of Cnmiwell the Church of England had been in a very anomalous condition. Most of the clergy who held ollice during the early period of till' civil wars were strong Rnyalists. and either were ejected or fled when the cause of the Parlia- ment triumphed. Their places had been supplied in many cases by zealous Presbyterians — a rather numerous body in England at that time — and thus it hajipened at the restoration of Charles 11, that a considerable section of the ministers within the Church were hostile to the reintroduction of Episcopalian order and practice. Aware of this feeling, yet desirous of not adopting severe meas- ures, if such could possibly be avoided, the King issued letters patent dated Jlarcli 25tb, appoint- ing twelve bishops, with nine clergymen as as- sistants on the side of the Episcopal Church, with an equal number of Presbyterian divines, "to advise upon and review the Book of Common Prayer." Consult the "Order for the Savoy Con- ference," in Gee and Hardy,, Docuinciils Iltiis- tnitive of English Chureh Hi.itori/, pp. 588-594 (London, 189(i). Richard Baxter, with the con- sent of the Presbyterian Party, drew up a "re- formed liturgj which the Episcojialian commis- sioners would not look at, considering the wholesale rejection of the older one ultra vires on their part. It was never used, but was re- published by Prof. C. W. Shields. Book of Com- mon Prayer . . . as amended Ity ^Vestminster Diri'/ics,i()6i (Philadelphia, 1807; new ed.. New York. 1880), Finally, the parties separated without arriving at any conclusion ; and this fruitless attempt at 'comprehension' was fol- lowed in 1662 by the Act of Uniformity (q.v.), SAVTJ, sa-voo' (or SAVOTI) ISLANDS. A group of three islands in the Dutch East Indies, situated between longitudes 122° and 123° E., and latitudes 10° 25' and 10° 30' S., southwest of Timor and southeast of Sandalwood (Jlap: East India Islands, F 7). The largest of the group, Great Savu, has an area of about 240 square miles. The soil is fertile and produces rice, indigo, sugar, tobacco, etc. The population con- sists of Jlalays, and once numbered nearly 40,- 000. The present estimate is about 16,000, of whom 13,000 arc on Great Savu. SAW (AS. saga. OHG. saga, sega, Ger. Sage, saw; connected with Lat. secare, to cut. seeuris, axe). An important tool used in working tim- ber and metal. The wood saw usually consists of a long strip of thin steel, with one edge cut into a continuous series of sharp teeth. The two chief classes of saws are crosscut saws an<l rip- saws. In the former the teeth are designed to