Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/711

SCHLEGEL. 641 SCHLEICHER. The Schlegcl-Tieek translation is universally con- sidered better llian any other rendering of Shake- speare in a lurei^ii language. Thanks to Sehlegel and Tieek, Sliakespeure has heconie a national poet of Germany. JSchlcgel also delivered at Jena a series of leelures on a'stlietios, and, with his brother Friedrioh (q.v. ), edited the Alhcniium ( 171IS-1800), a severely critieal authority of higli rank. He piil)lished, besides his first volume of poems, Gcdichtc (1>S00), and. in company with his brother^ the Cliarakteristiken umt Kritiketi (ISOli. In 1801 Sehlegel left Jena for Berlin, where he ijave a series of lectures on literature, art, and the spirit of the time. In ISO.'i appeared his Ion, an anliipie tragedy of considerable merit. It was followed l>y his t^ixmischcs Thcnter (1803- 00 ) , consisting of five pieces of Calderon's. ad- mirably translated, the etTect of which has been to make that poet a favorite with the (Jerman people, and his Blumenstriiusse dvr ittilienischen, simnischoi und purltigiesischen Poosic (Berlin, 1804), a charming collection of southern lyrics, from the appearance of which dates the naturali- zation in German verse of the metrical forms of the Romanic races. In 1804. having l)ccome estranged from his wife, a daughter of Professor Michaelis of Gottingen, Schlegel entered the household of Madame de Stael as a tutor of her children. He traveled much, visiting Itah', France, Austria, and Sweden. He wrote in French a Com para ison de la Phedre d'Euripide ai-ec cclle de Racine (1807). Probably his most valuable, and certainly his most widely popular work, was the Vorlesungen iiher dramatische Eiinst und LUteratur (1809-11), originally de- livered at Vienna, in the spring of 1808, and translated into most European languages. Between 1811 and 1815 Schlegel published a new collection of his poems (Poetisehe Wcrke), which contains his masterpieces, "Arion," "Pyg- malion," "Sankt Lucas," and is notable for the richness and variety of its poetic forms. In 1818 Schlegel, now raised to the nobility, vas ap- pointed professor of liistor}' in the University of Bonn, and devoted himself especially to the his- tory of the fine arts and to philological research. He was one of the first students of Sanskrit in Germany, and published at Bonn an Indisehe Bihliollick (1820-2G). About 1817 Sclilcgel mar- ried a daughter of Professor Paulus of Heidel- berg, but they parted in 1821. Schlegel was quar- relsome, jealous, and ungenerous in his relations with literary men, and did not even shrink from slander when his spleen was excited. He died in Bonn, May 12, 1843. Consult: Pichtos, Die Aeslhrtik A. ir. von Schlegcls in ihrer (feschicht- lichen Entxmcklunf) (Berlin. 1894) ; and Bernays, Znr Entstehunfisgeschichle dcs Schlegelschen ffhakspearc (Leipzig, 1872). SCHLEGEL, Friedricii VON (1772-1829). A German literary historian, critic, and writer on a"sthetics, brother of August Willu'lm von Schlegel, born at Hanover. He studied ])hilosophy at GfJttingen and Leipzig, and in 1707 published his first work. Die Griechen iind Riimer, which ■was followed in 1798 by his Geschiehte der Poesie der Griechen und Iffimer. The chief vehicle at this time for the dissemination of his philosophi- cal views of literature was the Atlieniinm. an organ of the romantic school, edited by himself and his brother. In hucinde, an unfinished novel (1799), he cynically reveals his relations with Dorothea Veit, who had left her husband, a Berlin banker, in 1798 and ultimately married Schlegel in Paris (1804). Proeeeiling to .lena, he began there as a privat-doeent, delivering lectures on philosophy, which met with snmll favor, and still editing the Allicnaiim, to which he also began to contribute poems of his ow-n. In 1802 appeared his Alarcos, a trag- edy, in which the classical and ronntntic ele- ments are cpieerly blemled. From Jena he .soon went to Paris, where he gave philosophical lec- tures, edited the Europa, a monthly journal (1803), and applied himself to the languages of Southern Kurope, and to Sanskrit, the fruits of which were seen in his treatise Leber die Sprache und Wcinlicit der Indier (1808). Dur- ing his residence in Paris he also published a Sammlung romantischcr Dichtungen des Mittel- alters (1804). lie returned to Germany in 1804 and settled at Cologne. There, in 1808, he and his wife joined the Roman Catholic Church, a change which powerfully alVected his future literary career. In the same year Schlegel went to Vienna, where he was employed by the Archduke Charles as a sec- retary, and wrote fervent proclamations against Napoleon. In 1811 api)eared the lectures he had delivered at Vienna, under the title, (ebcr die neuere Geschiehte, and in 181.5 his Geschiehte der alien und neucn Litteratur. In 1819 he made a trip to Italy. In 1822 a collected edition of his writings, in 12 volumes, was published by himself. Subsequently he delivered at Vienna and Dresden lectures on the "Philoso]>hy of Life" (Philosophic des Le.hens, 1828), on the "Philosophy of History" (Philosophic der Geschiehte, 1829). and on the "Philosophy of Language" (Philosophic der Sprache, 1830). lie died in Dresden, His manu- scripts were published by W'indisehmann (Bonn, 183G-37). Consult Friedrich Hchlcgcl, Jiricfc an seincn Bruder, edited by Walzel (Berlin, 1890). SCHLEICH, shllK, Ediard (1812 74). A German painter, horn at Harbach, near Landshut, Bavaria. In all liis pictures the play of sunlight, the clouds, the haze over the sun. and sky elVects are particularly fine. His landscapes are to Ije found in all the principal galleries of Germany. Consult Pecht, Deutsche Kiinstler, iv. (Xiird- lingen, 1885). SCHLEICHER, shllK'er, AuorsT (1821-08). A German iiliilojdgist, born at Meiningcn, He w'as educated at Leipzig, Tiibingcn, and Bonn. In 1850 he W'as appointed professor extraordinary of classical philology at Prague, becoming full pro- fessor of German, comparative ]>hi!ology. and Sanskrit three years later. Here he began the study of Lithuanian and the Slavic languages. In 1857 he was called to .Tena as professor of the science of language and Ciermanic phi- lology, and remained there until his death. Schleicher's importance in the history of com- parative philology is due to the fact that he sums up in his Kompendium der rergleiehenden Gram- matik der indogermanischen Sprachen (1862; 4th ed. 1876) the results achieved by the science up to that date. His Uandbuch der litauischen Spraehe (1856-57) and his Litauisehe Miirchrn. ffprichicorte, Riitsel und Lieder (1857) are still of value, while his Deutsche f<praehe (1800; 5th ed. 1888) is a book of more popular interest. Among his other works the most important are: