quently served as Secretary of State of New York in 1777-79, and as a member of the Continental Congress in 1780-83.
SCOTT, Julian (1846-1901). An American battle and figure painter, born in Johnson, Vt. He served in the Federal Army from 1861 until 1863, and afterwards studied art in the National Academy of Design, and under Leutze. He was elected an associate of the Academy in 1871. His works, mainly taken from Civil War subjects, include: "Rear Guard at White Oak Swamp" (Union League Club, New York City): "Capture of André" (1876); and "In the Cornfield at Antietam" (1879).
SCOTT, or SCOT, Michael (c.1175-c.1234). A famous mediæval scholar, who probably belonged to a family on the Scottish border. He received his education at the universities of Oxford, Paris, Bologna, and Palermo, and spent most of his later life at the Court of the Emperor Frederick II. in Sicily, where he was one of the most famous of the group of scholars collected around that enlightened monarch. He was in high favor with both Honorius III. and Gregory IX., who gave him various benefices, probably in Italy. In 1230 he visited Oxford, taking with him works of Aristotle and various commentaries. There are very few other facts about his life which can be regarded as authentic. Of his printed works, the best known are Liber Physiognomiæ Magistri Michaelis Scoti and Mensa Philosophica, translated into English and frequently printed under the title of The Philosopher's Banquet. In addition he made various translations of Aristotle's works and the Arabic commentaries. He also wrote works on astronomy and alchemy. As was so often the case in the Middle Ages with famous scholars, Michael Scott became known soon after his death as a magician, and as such he has figured extensively in literature. Sir Walter Scott has caused the action of his Lay of the Last Minstrel to centre about the traditional grave of Michael at Melrose Abbey. Consult Brown, Life and Legend of Michael Scot (Edinburgh, 1897).
SCOTT or SCOT, Reginald (c.1538-99). A writer against witchcraft, son of Richard Scot of Scots Hall at Smeeth, in Kent. In 1555 he entered Hart Hall, Oxford, but left without a degree. He passed his life in Kent as a country gentleman. His famous work, The Discoverie of Witchcraft (1584) was designed to demonstrate the absurdity of the prevalent belief in witchcraft. Besides being full of learning, it is marked by passages of sound sense and humane feeling, qualities that naturally excited the antipathy of King James, who replied in his Dæmonology (1597). On coming to the English throne, James ordered Scott's book to be burned. Scott also published a valuable book entitled A Perfect Platform of a Hop Garden (1574). The Discoverie was edited by Brinsley Nicholson (London, 1886).
SCOTT, Richard William (1825— ). A Canadian statesman, born in Prescott. Ontario. He was admitted to the bar in 1848, and from 1857 to 1863 sat in the Canadian Assembly. In 1867-73 he was a member of the Ontario Assembly, of which he was elected Speaker in 1871. From 1872 to 1873 he was Commissioner of Crown Lands, and from 1873 to 1878 Secretary of State. He was acting Minister respectively of Finance in 1874, of Inland Revenue in 1875-76, and of Justice iu 1876. He carried through the separate Catholic school law of Ontario Province, and the Canada local option temperance act, generally styled the 'Scott act.' In 1874 he was elected to the Dominion Senate, and in 1896 became Secretary of State.
SCOTT, Robert (1811-87). An English clergyman and scholar. He was born at Bondleigh in Devonshire, and educated at Shrewsbury School and at Christ Church, Oxford, where he won the Craven and Ireland scholarships. He took his degree in 1833 and won a fellowship at Balliol two years later. Meantime, in 1834, he had taken holy orders. and held various ecclesiastical preferments until 1854, when he was elected master of Balliol in opposition to Jowett, who was to be his successor. In 1870 he accepted the deanery of Rochester and held it until his death. Scott's name is most widely known by his joint authorship, with H. G. Liddell, of the great Greek-English lexicon, whose appearance in 1843 was epoch-making for English scholarship. For the next forty years Liddell and Scott worked diligently at revision and addition, until the seventh edition (1883) was practically an original work, though the first had been based on the German lexicon of Passow.
SCOTT, Robert Henry (1833— ). A British meteorologist, born in Dublin, Ireland, and educated there at Trinity College, and in Berlin and Munich. He was keeper of the mineralogical museum of the Royal Dublin Society from 1862 to 1867, when he became director of the British Meteorological Office, a post which he held until 1900. He wrote: Volumetric Analysis (1862); Weather Charts and Storm Warnings (1876; 2d ed. 1887); and Elementary Meteorology (1883).
SCOTT, Robert Kingston (1826-1900). An American soldier and politician, born in Armstrong County, Pa. In 1861 he was chosen lieutenant colonel of the Sixty-eighth Ohio Regiment, and next year was promoted colonel. He fought at Fort Donelson, Shiloh. and Corinth, was in the campaign against Vicksburg, was taken prisoner near Atlanta in 1864, but was shortly afterwards exchanged, and served during the remainder of the war with General Sherman. From 1865 until 1868 he was assistant commissioner in South Carolina of the Freedmen's Bureau. In the latter year he was elected Governor of the reconstructed State, and in 1870 was re-elected for the ensuing term of two years. His administrations were very corrupt, and during them the State debt increased about $13,000,000, although few public improvements were made. In his second administration Ku Klux disorders became so numerous in some parts of the State that President Grant. under the authority conferred by the Enforcement Act of April 20, 1871, suspended the writ of habeas corpus in some of the counties, and many of the offenders were tried by the Federal courts. In 1877 Scott settled in Napoleon, Ohio. In 1881 he was tried for shooting and killing W. G. Drury, bnt was acquitted on the plea that the shooting was accidental. For accounts of his administrations in South Carolina, consult: Pike, The Prostrate State (New York, 1874); and Why the Solid South? by Hilary A. Herbert and others (Baltimore, 1890).
