Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/790

SCRIBE. T16 SCRIVENER. novels. His supremacy lay in tin- {jift of dis- covering instinctively new and strikinf; theatri- cal combinations. Scribe's local color is careless, bis ilrawinj; of eliaractcr weak, but from hiui Dumas tbe yoimgcr, Augier, and above all Sardou, learned that mastery of stagecraft, and of the routine of theatrical presentation, which has given I'ranee for half a century unquestioned leadership in the drama. BiBLioGRAPHV. Scribe's CEin-ies dnimatiques are in 10 vols. (Paris, 1874-85). There is a Life by l.egouve (ib.. 1874). Consult: Matthews. French Oiamatists (New York, 18S1): Sainte- Beuve. Fortrnils conlemportii)is (Paris, 1881-82) ; Weiss, Lc thcutre ct lea ma-um (ib.. 1889); Bruiieti&re, Kpoqiies du thcuire fraiii:ais (ib., 18!)2). SCRIBLE'RUS, :MARTiNr.s, ;Memoir.s of. A satirical liistoiy. ridiculing affectation in learn- ing, by -lohn Arbuthnot, first published among Pope's works (1741). The hero had read every- thing, but lacked taste and judgment. SCRIBLERTTS CLUB. A literary club in London formed in 1714 by Swift, to which be- longed .rlnithnot. Pope, Gay. Bolingbroke. and others. Its object was to satirize the prevalent false taste in literature: though it was short- lived, we owe to it Arbuthnot's Martinus Scrih- hnis. Gulliver's Travels, and indirectly Pope's Oiiiicnad. SCRIB'NER, Ch.^rles (1821-71). An Ameri- can publisher. He was born in New York City and educated at the University of New Y'ork and at Princeton College, where he graduated in 1840. He studied for the bar, but on account of feeble health did not practice, and in 1846 formed a partnership in New Y'ork with Isaac D. Baker in the book-selling and publishing busi- ness. The firm, or rather Mr. Scribner, for his partner soon died, acquired the works of such authors as Headlcy, Willis. Donald Mitchell ("Ik Marvel"), Dr. Holland, Dr. McCosh, Dr. Bush- nell, etc. In 18.57 Mr. Charles Welford became a partner, and a specialty was made of the im- portation of books from England. The partners also entered extensively into the publication of educational books, and in 1865 established Hours at Home, which in 1870 became i^cribiicr's iUuju- zine. This monthly, under the editorship of Dr. J. G. Holland, achieved great popularity, and was sold in 1S81 and lechristened The Ccntiirij Magazine. On the death of Mr. Scribner, the firm was reorganized under the name Scribner, Armstrong & Co. ; the name of Charles Scrib- ncr's Sons was assumed in 1879, and eight years later the new f^crihner's Magazine was estab- lished. SCRIBNER, Fraxk Lamson (1851 — ). An American botanist, born in Cambridgeport, Mass., and educated at the Maine State College of Agri- culture. He was connected with Girard College from 1876 to 1884, and in 1886 entered the Agri- cultural Bureau of the United States. From 1888 to 1804 he was professor of botany in the University of Tennessee. In 1804 he was ap- pointed chief of the Division of Agrostology in the I'nited States Department of Agriculture. He wrote many valuable papers on the grasses, a .subject on which he ranks as a foremost Ameri- can authority. SCRIP (corrupted from script, Lat. scriptum, written paper, book, law, mark, neu. sg. of scrip- lus, p. p. of scribere, to write; inlluenced by popular etymologj' with scrip, wallet, pouch). A certificate of a right to a share or shares in a corporation, or to receive payment of money at a future date. Where a corporation is being or- ganized, and the regular stock certificates have not been issued, it is customary to give sub- scribers scrip or 'scrip certificates,' as they are often called, for payments on account of their sub.scription to the capital stock, and this scrip may be exchanged later for certificates of stock. Scrip for paid-up subscriptions may be trans- ferred in the same manner as certificates of stock, and the same principles of law apply as to the rights of the parties. Similar 'scrip' cer- tificates are .sometimes issued for sums less than the full value of a bond in a corporation, as in rebonding a corporation, which entitle the holder of a sufficient number to aggregate the face of a bond to exchange them for it. Corporations some- times issue scrip dividends, where they desire to retain surplus earnings as working capital and increase their capital stock. The term scrip was also commonly applied to the certificates issued by State banks which were designed to pass as currency. This scrip was merely a promise to pay the bearer the amount named on the face of the certificate, and was similar to United States Government 'green- backs.' Certificates or orders on stores issued by em- ployers to employees are often called scrip, es- pecially where they are issued in a series of values to correspond with United States currency. Such 'scrip' is, of course, not legal tender. Con- sult: Morse, Banks and Banking (.3d ed., 1888) ; Morawetz, Private Corporations (2d ed., 1886) ; also see Corporation ; Dividend ; Money ; Stock. SCRIPTURE, Edward Wheeler (1864—). An American psychologist, born at Mason, N. H. He graduated at the College of the City of New York in 1884, and studied at Berlin, Zurich, and Leipzig. He was fellow at Clark University in 1801, and in the following year became instructor in experimental psychology at Y'ale and director of the psychological laboratory there in 1808. In addition to various psychological apparatus, he devised a method of producing antesthesia by electricity, and of measuring hallucinations and imaginations. He wrote: Thinking. Feeling, Do- ing (1805): The New Psychology (1807); Ele- nirni.i of Experimental Phonetics (1002). SCRIVENER, Frederick Henrt Ambrose (1813-91). A distinguished English biblical scholar, born in London. He took his degree at Cambridge in 1835 and after a number of years' experience as a teacher he became in 1861 rector of Saint Gerrans. Cornwall, then vicar of Hen- don, and prebenilary of Exeter in 1876. Dr. Scrivener was much interested in the textual criticism of the New Testament and his labors in this field have proved eminently useful. His most important service was his Plain Introduc- tion to the Criticism of the yew Testament (1861; 4th ed., posthumous, edited by E. Miller, 1894). Other valuable publications were his edition of the famous Cambridge Codex Bezce, edited with a critical introduction, annotations, and facsimiles (1864), and The. New Testament in the Original Greek, according to the text fol-